Week 3 Flashcards
Name the network topologies
Mesh
Tree
Ring
Hub and spoke/star
How does the transport - land use feedback cycle work?
Accessibility is the ease pf reaching activities distributed in space at a specific place at a given time. The distribution of accessibility influences /changes the land use system. Land use determines which activities are possible somewhere and distribution of activities requires trips - transport system. This while the distribution of trips creates possibilities for spatial interaction. This can be measured as accessibility. Cycle complete
Explain how networks can be analysed based on a legit theory
Networks can be analysed by putting them in a graph. Is is conform the principles of graph theory in which nodes and become vertices and linkages become edges.
Name advantages and disadvantages of the hub and spoke network
Advantages:
* expansion is easy
* efficiency: not a lot of linkages are needed to connect nodes and hubs
* it is robust: every hub is relatively close to each other.
Disadvantage:
* a disturbance at the central node has influence on all other nodes.
* highly dependent on the capacity of the central node.
Name advantages/disadvantages of the tree network
Advantages:
* it is robust. You have multiple central nodes: if there is a disturbance in one central node the other can ‘fix’ it
* easy to control because it is subdivided in different parts
Disadvantages:
* the network having central nodes also makes it partly dependent on them —> in case a node fails, the network is vulnerable.
* is almost impossible to construct this network
* difficult to maintain because of the long distances and divided sub-parts.
Mesh topology: (dis)advantages
Advantages:
* super robust: almost every node is connected with eachother providing very high connectivity and accessibility
* not having central nodes makes it easier to divide traffic flows to other linkages in case of node fails.
Disadvantages:
* very expensive to make, it needs many linkages
(dis)advantages of the ring network topology
Advantage:
* robust network: everything within the ring is highly accessible. Can accommodate a high amount of traffic
Disadvantage:
* failure/congestion at one point influences the whole network. Making it vulnerable in those situations
* in case adjustments need to be made or maintainance has to be done: this influences all other connections.
How do networks emerge? Which aspects define them?
Beginning at once, influenced by specific forces, political, social and economic. Certain broad regularities which permit a descriptive generalization of an ideal typical sequence of transportation development.
Name the different stages of network emergence
Begins with scattered ports
Beginnings of penetration
Emergence of feeder lines
Beginnings of interconnection
Complete interconnection
Emergence/depiction of high priority lines or ‘main streets’.
Explain hinterlands in combination with hierarchies
Each city has an influence area or service area outside of the city itself. Each city tends to grow and expand this area. By doing so these areas can override the the service areas of other cities. The extended space where this happens is hinterland.
Hinterland systems can be divided in different hierarchies: there are low order, middle order and high order activities that have different hinterlands: high order activities could be activities that big cities do have and small cities don’t. The hinterland of the big city is in that case much bigger than the hinterland of the small or medium sized cities.
Networks have the tendency to grow over time. Explain how this works and why?
Networks are constantly adapting and evolving. They are characterized by preferential attachment which means that nodes wish connect to hubs that are already well connected. Also, nodes have the intrinsic ability to attract linkages. This explains how networks evolve. The most ‘fit’ nodes attract many linkages at the cost of other linkages. —> competitive fitness.
