Week 6 (lectures) Flashcards
What does sustainable mobility do as opposed to normal mobility? What does it call for?
It calls for proactive thinking. It anticipates and manages problems rather than waiting for crisises to emerge.
Avoiding and reducing the negative effects of mobility before the compromise the function of social, environmental and economic systems.
Explain the hidden mechanism of mobility.
Increase in travel speed but decrease in travel costs leads to longer distances that are being traveled. This causes local transport and slow modes to become less attractive, translating into greater use of the car, translating in urban sprawl. Urban sprawl then correlates back to increase in travel speed and a decrease in costs. Eventually this causes car dependency
Measures influence the objective environment of travelers. In particular the choice between:
alternative travel modes, routes and destination
What should sustainable mobility focus on?, instead of the speed/roads with traditional mobility
Pushing slow modes and pushing public transport.
Spatial instruments work on the assumption that:
Urban form and density of settlements affect transport distances and number of trips.
Commuting distances influences location choices by firms and households. Spatial planning influences commuting distances
Getting people, organizations and activities in close proximity increases the number of possible destinations that can be reached within the same range of distance.
What are the principles with planning for accessibility?
Increasing the density of destinations e.g. more destinations –> more accessibility
increasing the capacity of a destination e.g. higher buildings. bigger destinations correlate to better accessibility
improving spatial connectivity as this improves accessibility
Explain the sustainable mobility paradigm.
Takes broader environmental and social aspects of mobility into account.
It would be best if we can attract and provide situations in which people would no longer need to make a trip.
Distance reduction: shorten trip length
Different modes: use of public transport
efficiency: load factors, design.
What is ‘New Urbanism’?
movement of practices and principles that promote walkable, cycle friendly, mixed use, diverse and demographically dense neighborhoods.
How can the potential value of Transit oriented development be measured?
By using the:
Node index: intensity and diversity of transport activities
Place index: intensity and diversity of activities.
Explain what development oriented transport is.
Transport is created to connect an area to another area that is being developed. Existing location that is being developed. Not TOD but Development-oriented transport, because there already was transport in A’dam Noord.
Explain differences between Transit adjacent development and transit oriented developments
TAD - TOD
low vs high densities
surface parking - underground parking
limited or no pedestrian access - pedestrian focused design
limited or no bicycle parking - bicycle access and parking
seggregated land use - mixed land use
Typically transport plannning is focused on…
speeding up and extending networks or land use becomes more dispersed while transportation planning is directed at improving slower high capacity transportation networks. This leads to the fact that transport networks will not support intensive land use patterns and will facillitate urban sprawl
Explain TOD issues
- Lack of urgency
- Fragmented decision making: unclear ‘who is in charge’?
- Conflicting sectoral policies
- Lack of political and societal support or financial support structures.
Explain what policy is
statement of outcomes/ambitions
area of government activity
expression of intent
What is policy design?
The science that revolves around the deliberate and conscious attempt to define policy goals and connect them to policy instruments or tools expected to realise those objectives.
