Week 5 (literature) Flashcards
Describe what layering is
When policy goals are incoherent and policy instruments are inconsistent.
Usually happens when policy instruments and programmes are being stacked on top of each other.
What is a policy instrument?
Techniques of governance which, one way or another, involve the utilization of state resources or their conscious limitation, in order to receive policy goals.
In the article of Howlett & Rayner, 2017, the authors state that the first generation of early instrument analyses suffered from three main problems. Name these problems.
Studies tended to promote a misleading view of either the purely technical or purely political nature of instrument choices
They tended to portray instrument choices in stark good and evil terms
They contributed to a growing gap between complex administrative practices on the ground and overly simplistic theoretical discussions/inquiries.
What are NGA’s and what do they intend to do?
New governance arrangements: not just expanding the range of instruments available but also experimenting with new instruments in new sectors. They are intended to combine policy instruments and their settings in new ways —> supporting each other.
What is third generation instrument choice theory?
Concerns involved in designing and adopting optimal mixes of instruments in complex decision-making and implementation contexts.
In adressing transport policy challenges through… a difference is made between primary and ancillary measures. Explain the difference between these two.
primary measures directly adress the policy objectives.
The goal of ancillary measures is to increase the implementability of the package by adressing/overcoming or at least reducing implementation barriers of a policy measure. Also to assist in mitigating unintended effects stemming from the implementation of primary measures —> effectiveness of primary measures.
Name relevant criteria with policy packaging.
Policy measures must be considered together
Relations between measures in the list must be identified and accounted for
Implementability needs to be considered
Effort is dedicated to identifying and mitigating unintended effects.
What is the most important conclusion of ‘addressing transport policy challenges through…’
Advancing the research on policy packaging requires a more systematic approach to provide practical guidance to policymakers. More research is needed to make policy packaging more usable and useful in practice
Which of the following is NOT one of the conclusions of the article (multiple answers are possible)
The fragmentation of the policy sector shapes regional land use and transport planning in NL
LUTI is an important tool to use in transport/land use planning but more research in it is needed for it to be implemented in NL
Different policy instruments are used to achieve land use and transport integration in regional planning
The effectiveness of policy instrument mixes depends on the specific context and goals of the planning process
The authors recommend a less integrated but more collaborative approach to regional planning that involves mutiple stakeholders/policy sectors
The second and the last option
The two categories of procedural instruments in the literature on LUTI policy are technical decision support instruments snd governance oriented procedural instruments. Explain the difference
Technical: procedural instruments that aim to provide information to decision makers
Governance: instruments that aim to shape interaction processes between actors and organizations to attain a predefined outcome.
Explain how, according to the article, there is not one right tool for LUTI.
It’s about finding the right mix of instruments which in line with LUTI goals, helps overcome the fragmentation of resources throughout the planning process by structuring interaction patterns across horizontal and vertical boundaries.
According to the article there are five different types of resources that are transferred in processes if public formation and implementation. Explain them.
Financial resources: money/budgets needed to cover the cost of policy formation/implementation
Production resources: resources needed for the actual realization of the solutions, policies and services
Competency resources: knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to carry out policy formation/implementation
Knowledge resources: info/data needed to make informed decisions during policy formation/implementation.
Legitimacy resources: authority/credibility of actors involved in policy formation/implementation.
What is the difference between primary measures and ancillary measures?
measures that directly address the policy objectives. Ancillary measures to increase the implementability of the package by addressing and overcoming, or at least reducing, implementation barriers of a policy measure (or a package)
Ancillary measures also have the role of assisting in mitigating unintended effects stemming from the implementation of primary measures, and can serve to facilitate and enhance the effectiveness of primary measures
