Week 6 - large animal anaesthesia Flashcards
Drugs for preaneasthetic medication – short surgery, they are used for … (4)
- Preanaesthetic medication
- Short – term immobilisation
- Intraoperatively – adjust to I.V. or inhalation anaesthesia
- Postoperatively – analgesia and calm recovery
4 examples of phenothiazine derivatives
acepromazine
chlorpromazine
promazine
propiopromazine
Phenothiazine derivates - facts (5)
- Sedation
- So not have analgesic activity
- Arterial hypotension
- Peripheral vasodilatation
- Decreasing body temperature
What phenothiazine derivative causes paralysis of penis in stallions
acepromazine
How can acepromazine be administered
I.v , i.m , p.o
General dose of acepromazine in large animals
dose 0.025 to 0.100 mg/kg (0.2 mg/kg i.m.
How long for full effect to take place from acepromazine
20 min. after i.v., 30 – 45 min. after i.m.
examples of butyrophenones in large animal anaesthesia (2)
Azaperon
Droperidol
Butyrophenones facts (4)
- Minimal influence to cardiovascular and respiratory system
- Antiemetic effect
- Sedative
- Premedicant
What butyrophenone is used mainly in pigs? And dose
azaperone, 4mg/kg
examples of benzodiazepines in large animal anaesthesia (4)
diazepam
midazolam
climazolam
zolazepam
Benzodiazepines facts (5)
- anti-anxiety action
- sedation and hypnosis
- anticonvulsant effects
- muscle relaxation
- retrograde amnesia.
Are benzodiazepines premedication?
yes
What do benzodiazepines counteract ?
counteract the convulsant and hallucinatory properties of ketamine
Benzodiazepines are they better in older & sick animals?
yes
Benzodiazepines stimulate ?
appetite stimulation
What are the major advantages of benzodiazepines ? (4)
- minimal negative action on the cardiopulmonary system
- antiarrhytmic effect
- synergy with opioid
- alpha2 agonist
When would you use rapid i.v. application of benzodiazepines
bradycardia, hypotension, cardiatic arrets
examples α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS (5)
Xylazine
Detomidine
Romifidine
Medetomidine
Dexmedetomidine
What is the species varied sensitivity for xylazine
cattle are approximately 10 times more sensitive to xylazine than horses or dogs, but are equally sensitive to medetomidine as dogs, and equally or less sensitive to detomidine
pigs appear very resistant drug
Do α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS cause profound sedation?
yes
α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS side effects (4)
Bradykardia
Vomiting in carnivors
Increased urination
Decreased intestinal motility
α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS antidotes
Atipamezol 0.2 mg/kg
Tolazoline 4 mg/kg
Yohimbine 0.1 mg/kg
Opioids for large animal anaesthesia
butorphanol
What can you combine with opioids
Combination with 2 agonists
Are opioids postoperative analgesia in large animal anaesthesia ?
yes
Barbiturates used in large animal anaesthesia (2)
Thiopental sodium
thiamylal
Non-barbiturates used in large animal anaesthesia (2)
Metomidate
Propofol
Myorelaxans in large animal anaesthesia (1)
guaiaphenesin
What is the “Triple Drip” in horses ?
is formulated by taking a liter of 5% guaifenesin and adding 1000 to 2000 mg of ketamine and 500 mg of xylazine
How is the “Triple Drip” administered in horses?
The combination is administered to effect up to a rate of 1 ml/kg body wt/h.
Can we use 2 agonist in foals younger than 4 weeks? If not what is the alternative
No
Diazepam 0.05 – 0.1 mg/kg + ketamin 2 – 4 mg/ kg i.v.
How long do we withhold food & water in cattle before anaesthesia ?
Withholding all food for 24 to 48 hours before anaesthesia
Withholding water for 8 to 12 hours before anaesthesia
Acepromazine dosage sheep, goats
0.05–0.1 mg/kg
Xylazine dosage sheets/goats
0.02 - 0.2 mg/kg
Midazolam dosage sheep/ goats
0.2 mg/kg i.v.
Diazepam dosage sheep/ goats
0.2 mg/kg, i.v.
