Week 6 - large animal anaesthesia

Question 1

Drugs for preaneasthetic medication – short surgery, they are used for … (4)

Answer 1

1. Preanaesthetic medication
2. Short – term immobilisation
3. Intraoperatively – adjust to I.V. or inhalation anaesthesia
4. Postoperatively – analgesia and calm recovery

Question 2

4 examples of phenothiazine derivatives

Answer 2

acepromazine
chlorpromazine
promazine
propiopromazine

Question 3

Phenothiazine derivates - facts (5)

Answer 3

• Sedation
• So not have analgesic activity
• Arterial hypotension
• Peripheral vasodilatation
• Decreasing body temperature

Question 4

What phenothiazine derivative causes paralysis of penis in stallions

Answer 4

acepromazine

Question 5

How can acepromazine be administered

Answer 5

I.v , i.m , p.o

Question 6

General dose of acepromazine in large animals

Answer 6

dose 0.025 to 0.100 mg/kg (0.2 mg/kg i.m.

Question 7

How long for full effect to take place from acepromazine

Answer 7

20 min. after i.v., 30 – 45 min. after i.m.

Question 8

examples of butyrophenones in large animal anaesthesia (2)

Answer 8

Azaperon
Droperidol

Question 9

Butyrophenones facts (4)

Answer 9

• Minimal influence to cardiovascular and respiratory system
• Antiemetic effect
• Sedative
• Premedicant

Question 10

What butyrophenone is used mainly in pigs? And dose

Answer 10

azaperone, 4mg/kg

Question 11

examples of benzodiazepines in large animal anaesthesia (4)

Answer 11

diazepam
midazolam
climazolam
zolazepam

Question 12

Benzodiazepines facts (5)

Answer 12

• anti-anxiety action
• sedation and hypnosis
• anticonvulsant effects
• muscle relaxation
• retrograde amnesia.

Question 13

Are benzodiazepines premedication?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

What do benzodiazepines counteract ?

Answer 14

counteract the convulsant and hallucinatory properties of ketamine

Question 15

Benzodiazepines are they better in older & sick animals?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

Benzodiazepines stimulate ?

Answer 16

appetite stimulation

Question 17

What are the major advantages of benzodiazepines ? (4)

Answer 17

1. minimal negative action on the cardiopulmonary system
2. antiarrhytmic effect
3. synergy with opioid
4. alpha2 agonist

Question 18

When would you use rapid i.v. application of benzodiazepines

Answer 18

bradycardia, hypotension, cardiatic arrets

Question 19

examples α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS (5)

Answer 19

Xylazine
Detomidine
Romifidine
Medetomidine
Dexmedetomidine

Question 20

What is the species varied sensitivity for xylazine

Answer 20

cattle are approximately 10 times more sensitive to xylazine than horses or dogs, but are equally sensitive to medetomidine as dogs, and equally or less sensitive to detomidine

pigs appear very resistant drug

Question 21

Do α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS cause profound sedation?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS side effects (4)

Answer 22

Bradykardia
Vomiting in carnivors
Increased urination
Decreased intestinal motility

Question 23

α2 ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS antidotes

Answer 23

Atipamezol 0.2 mg/kg
Tolazoline 4 mg/kg
Yohimbine 0.1 mg/kg

Question 24

Opioids for large animal anaesthesia

Answer 24

butorphanol

Question 25

What can you combine with opioids

Answer 25

Combination with 2 agonists

Question 26

Are opioids postoperative analgesia in large animal anaesthesia ?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

Barbiturates used in large animal anaesthesia (2)

Answer 27

Thiopental sodium
thiamylal

Question 28

Non-barbiturates used in large animal anaesthesia (2)

Answer 28

Metomidate
Propofol

Question 29

Myorelaxans in large animal anaesthesia (1)

Answer 29

guaiaphenesin

Question 30

What is the “Triple Drip” in horses ?

Answer 30

is formulated by taking a liter of 5% guaifenesin and adding 1000 to 2000 mg of ketamine and 500 mg of xylazine

Question 31

How is the “Triple Drip” administered in horses?

Answer 31

The combination is administered to effect up to a rate of 1 ml/kg body wt/h.

Question 32

Can we use 2 agonist in foals younger than 4 weeks? If not what is the alternative

Answer 32

No
Diazepam 0.05 – 0.1 mg/kg + ketamin 2 – 4 mg/ kg i.v.