Deck 2 PP

Question 1

3 types of crystalloid solution

Answer 1

● Hypotonic (0.45% NaCl or 2.5% NaCl)
● Isotonic (0.9% NaCl)
● Hypertonic (7% NaCl)

Question 2

Killing of pathogenic bacteria on tissue – name

Answer 2

● biocide and germicide- Agents that KILL.
● Asepsis – the absence of pathogenic microbes on living tissue
● Antisepsis – removal of pathogenic organisms

Question 3

Concentration/percentage of hypertonic solution

Answer 3

0.45 % or 2.5% Dextran/NaCl.

Question 4

What type of tissue are mayo scissors used for?

Answer 4

Cutting fascia (thick structures and sutures).

Question 5

Type of needle used for cornea, bone and tendons

Answer 5

● Reverse cutting – for tendon, sheath, bone, cornea, other tough tissues.
● Taper – for internal tissues
● Cutting – for skin and other tissues
● Blunt – liver and other friable tissues (easily crumble)

Question 6

What are cushing and connell sutures used for?

Answer 6

To close hollow organs:
● Connell penetrates the tissue completely (enter lumen).
● Cushing is never protruding into the other side (extends only to the submucosa).

Question 7

Number of days of wound proliferation phase:

Answer 7

From day 4 to day 12.

Question 8

List 9 functions of bandages:

Answer 8

• Wound cleanliness
• Control the wound enviroment
• Reduce edema and hemorrhage
• Eliminate dead space
• Inmmobilize injured tisue
• Minimize scar tissue
• Provide comfort
• Absorbt secretion
• Give anaesthetic appearance

Question 9

4 contamination levels of surgery:

Answer 9

● Clean
● Clean – contaminated
● Contaminated
● Dirty

Question 10

Surgical area is divided into 2 areas: where and what is included in each?

Answer 10

● Clean area – operating theatre, scrub area, sterile stores
● Contaminated area – patient preparation area, changing room.

Question 11

Definition of sterilization:

Answer 11

Process of destruction of all microbial life (bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa).

Question 12

Definition of asepsis:

Answer 12

Absence of pathogenic microbes on living tissues.

Question 13

Ethylene oxide for sterilizing at what temp?

Answer 13

25 – 55 *C. Lower temp need longer exposure time.

Question 14

3 types of haemostatic forceps

Answer 14

● Mosquito
● Kelly
● Crile

Hemostatic forceps: crushing instruments used to temporarily clamp and occlude bleeding
vessels. Equipped with ratchet mechanisms to keep clamped even without hands. Straight or
curved.

Question 15

Contra indication of capillary suture material:

Answer 15

Should NOT be used in contaminated or infected sites.

Question 16

Classification of sutures according to apposition of tissue:
(How the two ends of the wound will meet)

Answer 16

● Appositional – end to end
● Everting – protruding upwards
● Inverting – protruding inwards

Question 17

Phases of wound healing:

Answer 17

● Inflammation and debridement
● Proliferation
● Maturation and remodeling

Question 18

Types of open wound (name 7) (SLAADSP)

Answer 18

● Surgical incision
● Laceration
● Abrasion
● Avulsion
● Degloving
● Shearing
● Puncture: bite

Question 19

Number of days of proliferation:

Answer 19

4 - 12