Deck 6 Quiz Flashcards
What is injection?
Performance where the liquid medicine is applicated parenterally by hollow for therapeutic diagnostic and preventive purpose
What is transfusion?
Blood transfer
What can dehydration lead to?
Hypovolemia, hypoperfusion
How can you classify fluids?
- Whole blood and blood products
- Colloids
- Crystalloids
What are crystalloids?
- Water-based solution that easily penetrates cell membranes with varying electrolyte compositions
- Can be hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic fluids
What are the three types of crystalloids?
- Hypotonic solution (0.45 % NaCl, 2.5% dextran/NaCl
- Isotonic (0.9% NaCl), Ringer lactate, normosal
- Hypertonic fluids (7% NaCl)
What are the types of (artificial) colloids?
- Hetastarch
- Dextran
- Oxyglobin
- (Gelatines)
What are the types of natural colloids?
- Plasma
- Fresh frozen plasma (proteins, albumins, coagulation factors) - Packed Red blood cells (only RBC)
- Fresh whole blood
What are natural colloids?
- 2ml/h
- Replaces natural plasma. Rarely used in veterinary medicine, may cause immune reactions.
Evaluate dehydration
- 5% dehydration - minimal clinical signs
- 6-8 % . mild to moderate skin turger, dry mm.
- 10-12 % = marked decrease in skin turger, dry mm, weak and rapid pulse, slow capillary refill time, change in mentation, slow to respond
3 types of crystalloid solution
- Hypotonic - 0.45% NaCl or 2.5 % Dextran/NaCl
- Isotonic - 0.9 % NaCl
- Hypertonic - 7% NaCl
Percentage of hypertonic solution
0.45% NaCl or 2.5 % Dextran/NaCl
4 contamination levels of surgery
a. Clean
b. Clean - contaminated
c. Contaminated
d. Dirty
Surgical area is divided into 2 areas: where and what is included in each?
a. Clean area - operating theatre, scrub area, sterile stores
b. Contaminated area - patient preparation area, changing room.
