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BA1C2 > Week 6 - Hc. 2: Concepten lichaamssamenstelling > Flashcards

Week 6 - Hc. 2: Concepten lichaamssamenstelling Flashcards

1
Q

Niveaus van lichaamssamenstelling

A
  • Atomisch
  • Moleculair
  • Cellulair
  • Weefsels
  • Hele lichaam
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2
Q

Niveaus van lichaamssamenstelling: Atomisch

A
  • ~50 elements are found in the body
  • 5 elements account for 98% of body weight
  • The remaining 45 elements make up <2% of body weight
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3
Q

Niveaus van lichaamssamenstelling: Moleculair

A

Elements are incorporated into molecules that form > 100.000 chemical compounds (differ in complexity and molecular weight)

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4
Q

Niveaus van lichaamssamenstelling: Cellulair

A
  • The assembly of molecules into cells creates living organisms
  • Human body: ~10^14 cells: variations in shape, size, composition and distribution
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5
Q

Niveaus van lichaamssamenstelling: Weefsel

A

Tissues contain cells that are similar in appearance, function and embryonic origin

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6
Q

BMI

A

Wordt getracht te benaderen of een persoon te veel weegt of niet. Een hoog BMI kan echter niet alleen worden veroorzaakt door een te grote hoeveelheid vet in het lichaam. Je moet dus ook naar de persoon kijken om te zien hoe de BMI tot stand komt

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7
Q

Excessive body fat can increase risk of chronic diseases, such as:

A
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Hypertension
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Cancer
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8
Q

Plaatsen van vet depots

A
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intermuscular
  • Intramuscular
  • Abdominal and thoracic cavity
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9
Q

Gender-difference in fat stores

A

Men tend to store fat more in the abdomen and develop a beer gut. A woman’s body prefers to store fat more around the hips, the butt, the lower abdomen, the breasts, shoulders, and triceps

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10
Q

Fat mass vs. Fat-free mass

A
  • Fat mass includes all the body’s fat including essential fat
  • Fat-free mass is defined as body mass minus alle extractable fat and composed of all the body’s nonfat tissue including bone, muscle, organs, and connective tissue
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11
Q

Methods for body composition estimation

A
  • Skinfolds
  • Circumference measures
  • Bioelectric impedance analysis
  • Imaging techniques
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12
Q

Android fat cells

A

Male fat cells: Upper body fat cells are more insulin resistant. More release of fatty acids in response to lipolytic stimuli

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13
Q

Skinfolds

A
  • Omdat 70-90% van het vetweefsel subcutaan ligt, kan de dikte van de huidplooien gebruikt worden om de totale hoeveelheid vet in het lichaam te meten
  • De metingen zijn gebaseerd op de veranderstelling dat het vet regelmatig verdeeld is over het lichaam en de dikte van de huidplooien dus maat is voor de totale hoeveelheid lichaamsvet
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14
Q

De heup-taille ratio is gecorreleerd met:

A
  • De mate van insuline resistentie
  • Bloeddruk
  • HDL cholesterolspiegel in het bloed
  • Incidentie diabetes mellitus
  • Incidentie hart- en vaatziekten
  • Overall mortality
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15
Q

Circumference measures

A
  • Waist circumference is divided by hip circumference to determine waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
  • Voorspelt beter dan welke andere anthropometrische parameter het gezondheidsrisico van een individu
  • Dus de verdeling van vet is belangrijker dan de hoeveelheid vet
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16
Q

Gynoid fat cells

A

Female fat cells: Lower body fat cells are more insulin sensitive and more resistant to lipolytic stimuli. Less releas of fatty acids in response to liplytic stimuli

17
Q

Bioelectric impedance analysis

A
  • Indirecte methode gebaseerd op de elektrische geleiding van een wisselstroom door het lichaam
  • Weefsels met veel water en elektrolyten geleiden stroom goed. Vetmassa, lucht of bot geleiden nauwelijks stroom
  • Dus hoe groter de vetvrije massa, des te beter een stroom door het lichaam kan stromen
18
Q

Invloed hydratietoestand bij BIA

A
  • Bij uitdroging neemt de geleiding toe en daardoor lijkt het vetpercentage lager dan het in werkelijkheid is
  • Teveel lichaamswater vermindert de geleding.
19
Q

Imaging techniques

A
  • DEXA
  • CT
  • MRI
20
Q

DEXA

A
  • Is based on differential attenuation of a beam of photons at two, effective energy levels as it passes through the body
  • The ratio of the mass attenuation coefficients (R value) is usedd to estimate soft-tissue and bone mineral masses and fat mass
  • This technique can be used to quantify the absolute amount of fat on any body segment
21
Q

CT en MRI

A
  • Are considered the most accurate means of available for in vivo quantification of body composition on the tissue-level
  • High cost en expertise needed
  • Only methods yet available for accurate quantification of internal adipose tissue

BA1C2 (9 decks)

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