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BPK 105 My que cards > week 6 fluid balance > Flashcards

week 6 fluid balance Flashcards

1
Q

what is intracellular fluid

A

fluid contained within plasma membrane of cells

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2
Q

what is extracellular fluid and their two components

A
  • the fluid outside of cells
    1. interstitial fluid - between cells,
    2. Plasma - within the blood - ions and water content
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3
Q

difference between men’s and women body water weight

A

males have higher body weight as water due to slightly higher muscle mass and slightly lower fat mass on average.

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4
Q

how much water do fat cells contain?

A

very little (hydrophobic)

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5
Q

what is osmosis?

A

movement of water according to the concentration gradient

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5
Q

how does osmotic pressure change?

A
  • with blood pressure \
  • relative to the solute concentration between fluid compartments
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6
Q

how does fluid move and where

A

moves between the bloodstream and interstitial fluid based on osmotic pressure

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7
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system

A
  1. excretion
  2. regulation of blood volume and pressure
  3. regulation of blood solute concentrations
  4. regulation of extracellular fluid ph
  5. regulation of red blood cell synthesis * not important rn
  6. regulation of vitamin d synthesis
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8
Q

describe the urinary system’s function of regulating blood volume and pressure

A
  • excretion of appropriate volume of dilute or concentrated urine
  • balance water and urine levels
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9
Q

describe urinary systems function of regulation of blood solute concentration

A

selective reabsorption of excretion of glucose, Na+ cl, K+ etc
- reabsorption of needed ions back into the body

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10
Q

describe urinary systems function of regulation of extracellular fluid PH

A
  • modify excretion of H+ to regulate PH
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11
Q

describe urinary systems function of regulation of vitamin d synthesis

A
  • important role in regulating Ca++ concentration
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12
Q

what are the two regions of the kidney

A

cortex - outer region
medulla - inner region

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13
Q

Cortex function

A
  • involved in filtration -
    initial step of forming the filtrate
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14
Q

medulla function

A

selectively reabsorbs the important ions and molecules
- modification of filtrate into urine

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15
Q

how does urine exit the body

A

travels down the ureter to the bladder where it is held before excretion

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16
Q

neurons main functions

A

filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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17
Q

describe the nephron’s filtration process

A

-occurs at the renal corpuscle
- separation based on size
- water and ions become filtrate
- blood cells, and proteins stay in blood circulation

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18
Q

describe the nephron’s tubular reabsorption

A
  • occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle
  • water ions and glucose are brought back into circulation
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19
Q

describe the nephron tubular secretion

A

occurs in the distal convoluted tubule
- movement of nonfiltered substances from the blood to the filtrate to be removed from the body
- things not filtered originally

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20
Q

what increases as we move further into the medulla

A

the concentration of interstitial fluid

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21
Q

what is the renal corpuscle

A

the sac of capillaries - glomerulus
- bowmans capsule
-proximal tubule

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22
Q

Bowman’s capsule filtration

A
  • blood enters through afferent arteriole and enters the network of glomerulus
  • The filtration membrane in the capsule blocks RBC and proteins from leaving
  • the filtered fluid that contains water, ions and waste and glucose (filtrate) enters the proximal tuble
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23
Q

what is the glomerulus

A

network of capillaries within the bowmans capsule

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24
what are the driving forces for the movement of fluid in filtration? in bowman's capsule and glomerulus?
Net filtration pressure, the driving force moving fluid from the glomerular into the capsule - there is higher blood pressure in the capillaries and glomerulus because the efferent arteriole is so narrow - this pressure drives the fluid out of the capillaries and into the capsule
25
negative pressure in the Bowmans capsule
the capsular pressure is 10mm Hg this creates a slight opposing pressure to filtration
26
what does proteins remaining in the capillaries cause
creates a colloid osmotic pressure that opposes filtration - proteins draw fluid back towards them
27
what is the net filtration pressure
+10 mm Hg
28
why is tubular reabsorption important?
the reabsorption of 99% of filtrate allows for reabsorption of water, solutes, amino acids, glucose etc
29
proximal convoluted tubule structure functions
has specific cells that line the tubule, that have microvilli (fingerlike projections) that increase surface area for absorption
30
sodium transport of tubular reabsorption
- actively transported out of the cells - this creates a concentration gradient for Na+ to move in from the lumen of the tubule - reabsorption of filtrate **
31
last step of tubular reabsorption
Water follows Na+ and other solutes by osmosis
32
blood enters the kidney through the _______________ and exits through the__________?
enters: Afferent Arteriole exits: Efferent Arteriole
33
the efferent artiole also leads to the________
vasa recta
34
peritubular capillaries + blood flow
- blood flow around renal tubules + some reabsorption - blood flows in the same direction as proximal tubule, distale tubule and collecting duct
35
vasa recta blood flow
blood flow to the veins - opposite blood flow of the loop of henle - countercurrent exchange
36
why is the counter-current exchange important?
allows for water and ion reabsorption in the loop of henle
37
what occurs in the descending loop of Henle?
fluid moves out from the decending limb via osmosis and moves into the vasa recta, - water is reabsorbed - solutes are moved into the descending limb
38
what is the specific structure of cells on the descending loop of henle
they are permeable to water - water can move out of the limb by osmosis and into the vastus rectus - fluid surrounding the cells (interstitial fluid) is highly concentrated
39
what occurs by the bottom of the descending limb?
15% of the filtrate has been reabsorbed and it is now more concentrated
40
the descending limb is _______________ to water
permeable
41
the thin ascending loop of henle is _________________ to water
not permeable
42
what happens in the ascending limb
the concentrated filtrate is diluted as it travels from high concentrated interstitial fluid to low concentration
43
what happens specific to blood flow in the ascending loop of henle
blood flows in opposite direction and enters the concentrated envirormment which means solute is reabsorbed into the blood
44
steps of the loop of henle
1. decending - water is removed and solutes added 2. acending - water is added and solutes removed
45
thick ascending loop of henle structure
thick section is impermeable to both water and solute, is in the less concentrated fluid
46
what process occurs in the thick ascending loop of henle
active transportation of sodium (Na+) powered by ATP +Potassium and chloride ions along with active transport of sodium
47
describe the processes throughout the loop of henle (3 steps)
1. water removed via osmosis in descending loop 2. solutes removed by diffusion in thin ascending loop 3. solutes transported out in thick ascending loop net effect = removal of alot of water and solutes from filtrate
48
what does a decrease in blood volume indicate
dehydrated
49
what occurs in the regulation of urine when blood volume increases
- increase in blood pressure - Baroreceptors inhibit posterior pituitary ADH secretion when blood volume increases - Antidieuretic hormone - Juxtaglomerular apparati inhibis renin release - cardiac muscles increase ANH - sympathetic division detects increased blood volume.
50
what is anti-diuertic hormone (ADH)
- diuretic = increased urine - increases permeability of collecting duct cells - more water reabsorbed
51
adh is secreted by the
posterior pituitary
52
sources of water loss from the body
- excretion of urine - loss in feces - every exhalation - sweat - evaporation from skin
53
tubular secretion
non filtered substances added from blood to filtrate - ammonia - urine smell - toxic products we wont to remove - regulate PH through protons (bicarbonate) being removed
54
low ph means
high amount of protons (h+)
55
high ph means
low amount of protons (h+)
56
ph of human body for survival
7.35 to 7.45
57
how is PH maintained
buffers respiratory system - exhale co2 urinary system
58
what occurs in acidosis
decreased ph - increase in protons stimulates buffer bicarbonate lungs decrease respiration kidneys - distal convolute increase h+ secretion
59

BPK 105 My que cards (8 decks)

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