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BPK 105 My que cards > week 10 the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

week 10 the cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of blood

A
  1. transport
  2. regulation
  3. protection against foreign substances
  4. blood clots
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2
Q

what is the bloods role in transport

A

transport of gases, nutrients, waste products and hormones through rbc

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3
Q

how does the blood function in regulation

A

blood can determine body tempature due to high water content, determines ph and osmosis

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4
Q

how does blood protect

A

has white blood cells immune cells

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5
Q

describe the bloods function in blood clotting

A

blood contains platelets, proteins and enzymes in the plasma essential for blood clotting

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6
Q

what is blood composed of?

A

55% plasma 45% formed elements

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7
Q

what is plasma made of

A

7% porteins
91% water
2% other solutes

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8
Q

what makes up the formed elements?

A

platlets
white blood cells
red blood cells = 45%

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9
Q

what do proteins do in our plasma

A

maintain osmotic pressure, protect (antibodies), transport molecules and form clots

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10
Q

what is ions function in plasma

A

regulate osmotic pressure, membrane potentials and acid-base balance (bicarbonates)

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11
Q

what are the regulatory substances of the plasma

A
  • catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes) and stimulate or inhibit many body functions
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12
Q

describe the cycle of a red blood cell

A

they lose their nuclei in development therefore only live 4 months
we are continuously producing rbc and then they die and cycle continues

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13
Q

how much of rbc volume is hemoglobin

A

1/3

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14
Q

what is the iron heme molecule able to do

A

reversibly associate with 02 (holds on) and transports it through the body

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15
Q

how do we regulate red blood cell production

A

cells in the kidney detect decreased blood oxygen and stimulate the production of rbc from red bone marrow

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16
Q

what is the pulonary circulation

A

goes to the lungs

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17
Q

what occurs in the lungs in the circulatory system

A

there co2 is pushed out and 02 is taken in to blood

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18
Q

what is the systemic circulation

A

o2 blood is carried to the rest of the body

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19
Q

what is heart rate and rest and max

A

number of beats per minute
rest= 65bpm
max= 200bpm

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20
Q

what is stroke volume + rest and max

A

how much blood is pumped in one beat by the left ventricle
rest =80ml
max excercise = 160ml

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21
Q

what is cardiac output

A

rate blood is pumped through the circulatory system per minute

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22
Q

what is 02 difference

A

oxygen extracted across a capillary bed per volume of blood

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23
Q

what is VO2

A

the rate of oxygen ultilized by body to support aerobic metabolism

24
Q

describe what happens in the left side of the heart valves

A

systemic circulation, valves pump the blood 02 blood to the rest of the body
- contraction in the ventricle occurs and the values make sure blood doesn’t go backwards

25
how does blood flow through the heart 8 steps
1. blood enters through superior vena cava into atrium 2. blood fills up the right ventricle 3. blood pumped out through the pulmonary trunk 4. to the lungs 5. pulmonary viens bring 02 blood back to heart 6. left atrium 7. left ventricle 8/ contraction and pumped to body through aorta
26
what are similarities and differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
similar : - arragement of myofilaments in striations - myosin and actin produce force difference: - the fibers (cells) are anatomically interconnected (important for contraction of muscle in unison)
27
what happens when one cardiac fiber contracts
all of the fibers surrounding contract at the same
28
which two cells contract together
atrial cells and ventricle cells
29
what is synctium
the heart muscles contracting together for a coordinated ejection of blood
30
how does the coordination of cardiac muscle contraction occur
- electrical signal (SA node) is stimulated (atria) - both left and right atrias contract filling up ventricle - electrical signal goes down and stimulates ventricles
31
what is the sinoatrial node (SA) NODE
stimulates the contractions of the heart
32
what is the atrioventricular node
sends electrical signal down the heart so it can contract the ventricles
33
what occurs during the cardiac muscle action potential
cardiac muscle has a plateau phase due to calcium channels remaining open,
34
what balances the rush of Ca+ during a cardiac muscle action potential
k+ rushes out
35
why is there a prolonged refactory period in cardiac cells
allows for relaxation of the cells which is essential for filling of heart before the next contraction
36
what is the P wave
first wave _ depolarization of atria
37
what is the QRS
major spike depolarization of ventricle
38
what is the T wave
repolarization of ventricle
39
what is diastole
relaxed, heart fills with blood
40
what is systolic
contraction of the heart
41
what are the extrinsic controls of heart rate
chemo receptors in medulla oblongata parasympathetic neve fibers sympathetic nerve fibers sensory nerve fibers
42
what are the functions of the circulatory system 5
1. carry blood from heart to tissues and back 2. exchange nutrients, waste, gas 3. transport substances 4. regulate blood pressure 5. directs blood flow to tissues to maintain homeostasis
43
what are the different types of blood vessels
1. elastic arteries - allow pressure to be maintained 2. muscular arteries - thick layer of smooth muscle regulates blood flow to body 3. large viens - some muscle regulates blood flow 4. small and medium veins
44
where do values in veins only flow towards
the heart (one way valves)
45
what are arterioles
very small vessel structures, can contrict and relax
46
what are capillaries
very thin walls (vessel structures) allow for diffusion exchange for nutrients and waste high cross sectional area and low vessel diameter
47
how does diffusion occur in the capillaries
high total cross sectional areas of capillaries and very slow velocity of flow allows for diffusion
48
describe fluid exchange across capillaries
1. net movement of fluid into interstitial space (high bp and low osmotic pressure) 2. net movement of fluid back into capillary lower bp 3. 9/10 volume returns to capillary (higher osmotic pressure)
49
what is systolic pressure
max value - contraction of ventricles
50
what is diastolic pressure
minimal value - relaxation of the ventricles
51
what is the pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
52
where is pulse pressure the greatest and where is it not
high : aorta, arteries, arterioles low - capillaries, veins, venules pressure decreases as we move through the circulatory system dye to resistance to flow from vessels
53
what is the brachial artery and where is it
inside of your elbow - where our pulse is easily found and measured - we can't hear it though here (pressure cuff allows us to hear sound when we slowly release the pressure)
54
what is the sound we hear when we use a pressure cuff
Korotkoff sounds
55
the absence of sound is measuring...
the diastolic pressure
56
what is the change in blood flow during excersise
88 % of cardiac output is divereted to skeletal muscles - full body vasoconstriction - active muscle vasodilation (decreased 02, increased co2, decreased ph)

BPK 105 My que cards (8 decks)

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