Week 6 - Exam prep

Question 1

What are the tear producing glands?

Answer 1

Lacrimal gland
Accessory glands
Meibomian
Goblet cells

Question 2

Summarize the caruncle

Answer 2

It contains hair follicles, accessory lacrimal glands, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. It contributes to tear film and the filtering of debris

Question 3

Goblet cell are produced by … and secrete…

Answer 3

Goblet cells are produced by the plica semilunaris which is lateral to the caruncle and secretes mucin.

Highest density in the inferonasal bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva

Question 4

Valve of Rosenmuller and Hasner

Answer 4

At the junction of the lacrimal sac the valve of Rosenmuller prevents reflux (Canaliculi)

Opening of the lacrimal duct at the nasal meatus.
Prevents backflow from the nasal meatus

Question 5

Horners muscle contributes to … pressure on lid …

Answer 5

Horner’s muscle contributes to positive pressure on lid closure

On lid opening there is negative pressure into the lacrimal sac which draws tears

Question 6

MALTs

Answer 6

In mucosal tissues, resident T- and B-cells are typically found in specialized structures called follicles. These follicles are located just below the epithelial layer and are connected by specialized vessels.

Question 7

Four factors affecting drug absorption are:

Answer 7

size
solubility
polarity/ charge
transporters

Question 8

How does logP affect drug solubility?

Answer 8

High P –> greater lipid solubility
easier diffusion across membranes

Question 9

Factors affecting drug absorption in the gastrointestine

Answer 9

solubility
gastro-intestinal motility
drug interaction in the gut lumen
blood flow
particle size and formulation
physiochemical factors
food

Question 10

What may play a key role in keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

Answer 10

apoptosis of cells in ocular surface tissue

Question 11

How does dry eye disease affect the microvilli on the cornea?

Answer 11

surface epithelial cells lose microvilli / microplicae; shorten first, then flatten, reduces efficiency of oxygen absorption; arguably affects tear film stability

extreme dry eye; no visible microvilli

Question 12

What are the classification of DED?

Answer 12

mild, moderate and severe MGD

mild (0.2TMH), moderate (0.1TMH) and severe 0mmTMH of aqueous deficient DED

Question 13

Clinical work up of DED

Answer 13

DEQ-5
TBUT
NI TMH
NIBUT

Question 14

How does cyclosporine act as an anti-inflammatory in DED

Answer 14

May reduce inflammation, restore goblet cells AND
promote increased surface tear volume

Question 15

BCL aim’s include:

Answer 15

• Relief of ocular pain
• Promotion of corneal healing
• Mechanical protection and support
• Visual acuity improvement
• Maintenance of corneal epithelial hydration
• Drug delivery