Week 6 Circulatory Disturbances

Question 1

a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid

Answer 1

edema

Question 2

edema can result from (4 conditions)

Answer 2

-increased permeability of capillary walls
-increased capillary pressure due to venous obstruction or heart failure
-inflammatory conditions
-fluid and electrolyte disturbances

Question 3

severe, generalized edema

Answer 3

anasarca

Question 4

accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Answer 4

ascites

Question 5

a collection of fluid in the pleural
cavity causing shortness of breath

Answer 5

hydrothorax

Question 6

edema of the scrotum

Answer 6

hydrocele

Question 7

edema of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 7

hydropericardium

Question 8

edema usually of the skin of the
extremities

Answer 8

pitting edema

Question 9

a potentially life-threatening accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Answer 9

pulmonary edema

Question 10

increased blood flow in an area of the body; can be active or passive

Answer 10

hyperemia

Question 11

increased arterial blood supply to an organ; can be physiological or pathological

Answer 11

active hyperemia

Question 12

engorgement of an organ or tissue with venous blood resulting from inadequate venous drainage

Answer 12

passive hyperemia

Question 13

a deficiency of arterial blood flow to an organ or tissue

Answer 13

ischemia

Question 14

a decrease in the level of oxygen within a tissue

Answer 14

hypoxia

Question 15

formation of a blood clot

Answer 15

thrombosis

Question 16

a blood clot

Answer 16

thrombus

Question 17

common thrombosis causes (4)

Answer 17

-injuries to blood vessels
-a reduced rate of blood flow (stasis)
-alterations in the composition of blood
-certain diseases of the blood

Question 18

consequences of thrombi (5)

Answer 18

-sudden death (stroke)
-ischemia
-passive hyperemia
-moist gangrene
-clots in the vessels of the heart

Question 19

a sudden obstruction of a vessel by debris

Answer 19

embolism

Question 20

a free-floating object in the bloodstream

Answer 20

embolus

Question 21

consequences of emboli (4)

Answer 21

-blockage of blood flow to the tissues (ischemia)
-death of tissues (infarction)
-spread of infection
-necrosis of tissue

Question 22

types of emboli (7)

Answer 22

-fragments of thrombi
-microorganisms
-tumor cells
-animal parasites
-fat
-gas
-foreign bodies

Question 23

the escape of blood from the blood vascular system

Answer 23

hemorrhage

Question 24

causes of hemorrhaging (4)

Answer 24

-trauma
-vascular diseases
-hypertension
-diseases of the blood

Question 25

antemortem pinpoint-size hemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes (red or purple, extravascular)

Answer 25

petechiae

Question 26

common bruise, extravascular

Answer 26

ecchymosis

Question 27

blood coming from the nose

Answer 27

epistaxis

Question 28

dark purge that resembles coffee grounds comes from ____

Answer 28

the stomach

Question 29

pink or clear fluid in the nose/ears comes from ____

Answer 29

the brain

Question 30

frothy red blood comes from ____

Answer 30

the lungs

Question 31

coughing of bloody sputum

Answer 31

hemoptysis

Question 32

vomiting of blood

Answer 32

hematemesis

Question 33

black, tarry feces

Answer 33

melena

Question 34

blood in the urine

Answer 34

hematuria

Question 35

massive bleeding from anywhere in the body (usually refers to the loss of blood to the point of death)

Answer 35

exsanguination

Question 36

a-, an-

Answer 36

without

Question 37

ante-

Answer 37

prior

Question 38

anti-

Answer 38

opposite

Question 39

dys-

Answer 39

negative, badly, wrongly

Question 40

endo-

Answer 40

inside

Question 41

epi-

Answer 41

upon

Question 42

erythr-

Answer 42

red

Question 43

glyco-

Answer 43

relating to sugar

Question 44

hemo-

Answer 44

blood

Question 45

hepat-

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

hyper-

Answer 46

beyond