Week 3 Cellular Reactions & Suffixes

Question 1

Types of cellular injury (5)

Answer 1

Hypoxia – loss of oxygen
Autoimmune damage
Genetic defects
Nutritional imbalances
Physical agents

Question 2

the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury

Answer 2

degeneration

Question 3

types of degeneration (3)

Answer 3

-cellular swelling
-fatty degeneration
-amyloid degeneration

Question 4

when an entire organ or tissue experiences _______, there is a loss of color (pallor) and the cells become distended (turgor)

Answer 4

cellular swelling

Question 5

cellular swelling is usually reversible when the cell recovers from injury (T/F)

Answer 5

true

Question 6

cellular swelling can always be removed by the embalming process (T/F)

Answer 6

false

Question 7

changes in cells due to the accumulation of triglycerides which are the result of digestion of fats

Answer 7

fatty degeneration

Question 8

_____ changes often occur in cells that are in close proximity to dead cells

Answer 8

fatty

Question 9

fatty degeneration is never present in cells of the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and other organs (T/F)

Answer 9

false

Question 10

_____ degeneration causes include toxins, protein malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and starvation

Answer 10

fatty

Question 11

in severe forms, _____ changes may precede cellular death

Answer 11

fatty

Question 12

a waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch

Answer 12

amyloid

Question 13

_____ degeneration may occur in certain cancers, chronic inflammatory diseases, chronic renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and type II diabetes mellitus

Answer 13

amyloid

Question 14

the process of seepage or diffusion of a substance into tissues that should not normally be present in the cells

Answer 14

infiltration

Question 15

the coloration caused by either deposit or lack of colored material in the tissues

Answer 15

pigmentation

Question 16

colored substances that come from inside the body

Answer 16

endogenous pigmentation

Question 17

colored substances that come from outside the body

Answer 17

exogenous pigmentation

Question 18

the depositing of calcium salts, magnesium, iron, and other minerals within the cells

Answer 18

calcification

Question 19

calcification is present in all cases of cellular death due to _____

Answer 19

necrosis

Question 20

calcification of the _____ is common in tuberculosis

Answer 20

lymph nodes

Question 21

calcification of the arteries

Answer 21

atherosclerosis

Question 22

common form of arthritis that causes swelling and pain in some of the body’s joints

Answer 22

gout

Question 23

_____ typically affects a joint in the big toe, but it can affect any joint

Answer 23

gout

Question 24

condition caused by an accumulation of uric acid in the tissues, which is a normal end product of metabolism

Answer 24

gout

Question 25

gout can appear suddenly and become chronic (T/F)

Answer 25

true

Question 26

gout does not cause deformation of joints (T/F)

Answer 26

false

Question 27

gout may be inherited but may also come from foods that result in higher levels of uric acid - beans, red meats, shellfish, organ meats, peas, and lentils (T/F)

Answer 27

true

Question 28

a sequence of structural changes that follow cell death in living tissue; includes cellular swelling, denaturation of proteins, and the breakdown of cellular organelles

Answer 28

necrosis

Question 29

all dead cells are necrotic (T/F)

Answer 29

false

Question 30

two concurrent processes that result in necrosis

Answer 30

-denaturation of cellular proteins -self digestion of the cell (autolysis)

Question 31

manifestations of necrosis (4)

Answer 31

-caseous necrosis -wet / moist gangrene -gas gangrene -dry / ischemic gangrene

Question 32

a distinct form of necrosis present in cases of tuberculosis

Answer 32

caseous necrosis

Question 33

characterized by pink areas of necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granules

Answer 33

caseous necrosis

Question 34

a term used to refer to several types of necrosis

Answer 34

gangrene

Question 35

form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections that develop in areas of dead, necrotic tissue; tissues become swollen, discolored, and blistered

Answer 35

wet / moist gangrene

Question 36

two types of necrosis that together may cause crepitation when palpated

Answer 36

wet / moist gangrene & gas gangrene

Question 37

necrosis caused by Clostridium perfringens (gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium)

Answer 37

gas gangrene

Question 38

gas gangrene causes fermentation of carbohydrates in the tissues, releasing _____ & _____

Answer 38

carbon dioxide & hydrogen gases

Question 39

toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens move through the swollen tissue and cause further necrosis of neighboring tissue

Answer 39

gas gangrene

Question 40

gas gangrene is rarely fatal (T/F)

Answer 40

false

Question 41

gas gangrene spreads throughout the body via blood (T/F)

Answer 41

true

Question 42

occurs when tissues become dehydrated if the blood supply is reduced

Answer 42

dry / ischemic gangrene

Question 43

characterized by black, dry, wrinkled, greasy tissue

Answer 43

dry / ischemic gangrene

Question 44

in dry / ischemic gangrene there is a clearly defined line of separation between the dead and the healthy tissue (T/F)

Answer 44

true

Question 45

infection is present in cases of dry / ischemic gangrene (T/F)

Answer 45

false

Question 46

type of necrosis often associated with diabetes mellitus

Answer 46

dry / ischemic gangrene

Question 47

the shrinkage in the size of the cell by the loss of cell substrate

Answer 47

atrophy

Question 48

atrophied cells are not dead - they are just trying to adapt to a decrease in the supply of required resources (T/F)

Answer 48

true

Question 49

atrophy that occurs due to a pathological condition

Answer 49

pathological atrophy

Question 50

atrophy that is not accompanied by a pathological condition

Answer 50

physiological atrophy

Question 51

an increase in the size of the cells, and consequently, an increase in the size of an organ or tissue

Answer 51

hypertrophy

Question 52

hypertrophy not associated with a pathological condition

Answer 52

physiological hypertrophy

Question 53

hypertrophy which occurs when cells have been damaged by a pathological condition

Answer 53

pathological hypertrophy

Question 54

hypertrophy when no disease is present but is the result of removal or damage

Answer 54

compensatory hypertrophy

Question 55

an increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to the number of cells increasing

Answer 55

hyperplasia

Question 56

replacement of damaged cells with identical cells

Answer 56

physiological regeneration

Question 57

replacement of damaged cells with cells other than the original type

Answer 57

pathological regeneration

Question 58

-algia

Answer 58

pain

Question 59

-dynia

Answer 59

pain

Question 60

-cele

Answer 60

hernia, swelling

Question 61

-ectasis

Answer 61

dilation, expansion

Question 62

-edema

Answer 62

swelling

Question 63

-emesis

Answer 63

vomiting

Question 64

-emia

Answer 64

blood condition

Question 65

-gen

Answer 65

forming, producing, origin

Question 66

-genesis

Answer 66

formation

Question 67

-iasis

Answer 67

specific abnormal condition

Question 68

-itis

Answer 68

inflammation

Question 69

-lith

Answer 69

stone, calculus

Question 70

-malacia

Answer 70

softening

Question 71

-megaly

Answer 71

enlargement

Question 72

-oma

Answer 72

tumor

Question 73

-osis

Answer 73

abnormal condition, increase

Question 74

-pathy

Answer 74

disease

Question 75

-penia

Answer 75

decrease, deficiency

Question 76

-phagia

Answer 76

eating, swallowing

Question 77

-phobia

Answer 77

fear

Question 78

-phasia

Answer 78

speech

Question 79

-plasia / -plasm

Answer 79

formation, growth

Question 80

-plegia

Answer 80

paralysis

Question 81

-rrhagia

Answer 81

bursting of

Question 82

-rrhexis

Answer 82

rupture

Question 83

-spasm

Answer 83

involuntary contraction

Question 84

-stenosis

Answer 84

narrowing, stricture

Question 85

-toxic

Answer 85

poison

Question 86

-trophy

Answer 86

nourishment, development