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PIMS Pathology I > Week 3 Cellular Reactions & Suffixes > Flashcards

Week 3 Cellular Reactions & Suffixes Flashcards

1
Q

Types of cellular injury (5)

A

Hypoxia – loss of oxygen
Autoimmune damage
Genetic defects
Nutritional imbalances
Physical agents

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2
Q

the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury

A

degeneration

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3
Q

types of degeneration (3)

A

-cellular swelling
-fatty degeneration
-amyloid degeneration

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4
Q

when an entire organ or tissue experiences _______, there is a loss of color (pallor) and the cells become distended (turgor)

A

cellular swelling

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5
Q

cellular swelling is usually reversible when the cell recovers from injury (T/F)

A

true

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6
Q

cellular swelling can always be removed by the embalming process (T/F)

A

false

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7
Q

changes in cells due to the accumulation of triglycerides which are the result of digestion of fats

A

fatty degeneration

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8
Q

_____ changes often occur in cells that are in close proximity to dead cells

A

fatty

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9
Q

fatty degeneration is never present in cells of the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and other organs (T/F)

A

false

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10
Q

_____ degeneration causes include toxins, protein malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and starvation

A

fatty

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11
Q

in severe forms, _____ changes may precede cellular death

A

fatty

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12
Q

a waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch

A

amyloid

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13
Q

_____ degeneration may occur in certain cancers, chronic inflammatory diseases, chronic renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and type II diabetes mellitus

A

amyloid

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14
Q

the process of seepage or diffusion of a substance into tissues that should not normally be present in the cells

A

infiltration

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15
Q

the coloration caused by either deposit or lack of colored material in the tissues

A

pigmentation

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16
Q

colored substances that come from inside the body

A

endogenous pigmentation

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17
Q

colored substances that come from outside the body

A

exogenous pigmentation

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18
Q

the depositing of calcium salts, magnesium, iron, and other minerals within the cells

A

calcification

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19
Q

calcification is present in all cases of cellular death due to _____

A

necrosis

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20
Q

calcification of the _____ is common in tuberculosis

A

lymph nodes

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21
Q

calcification of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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22
Q

common form of arthritis that causes swelling and pain in some of the body’s joints

A

gout

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23
Q

_____ typically affects a joint in the big toe, but it can affect any joint

A

gout

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24
Q

condition caused by an accumulation of uric acid in the tissues, which is a normal end product of metabolism

A

gout

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25
Q

gout can appear suddenly and become chronic (T/F)

A

true

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26
Q

gout does not cause deformation of joints (T/F)

A

false

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27
Q

gout may be inherited but may also come from foods that result in higher levels of uric acid - beans, red meats, shellfish, organ meats, peas, and lentils (T/F)

A

true

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28
Q

a sequence of structural changes that follow cell death in living tissue; includes cellular swelling, denaturation of proteins, and the breakdown of cellular organelles

A

necrosis

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29
Q

all dead cells are necrotic (T/F)

A

false

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30
Q

two concurrent processes that result in necrosis

A

-denaturation of cellular proteins
-self digestion of the cell (autolysis)

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31
Q

manifestations of necrosis (4)

A

-caseous necrosis
-wet / moist gangrene
-gas gangrene
-dry / ischemic gangrene

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32
Q

a distinct form of necrosis present in cases of tuberculosis

A

caseous necrosis

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33
Q

characterized by pink areas of necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granules

A

caseous necrosis

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34
Q

a term used to refer to several types of necrosis

A

gangrene

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35
Q

form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections that develop in areas of dead, necrotic tissue; tissues become swollen, discolored, and blistered

A

wet / moist gangrene

36
Q

two types of necrosis that together may cause crepitation when palpated

A

wet / moist gangrene & gas gangrene

37
Q

necrosis caused by Clostridium perfringens (gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium)

A

gas gangrene

38
Q

gas gangrene causes fermentation of carbohydrates in the tissues, releasing _____ & _____

A

carbon dioxide & hydrogen gases

39
Q

toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens move through the swollen tissue and cause further necrosis of neighboring tissue

A

gas gangrene

40
Q

gas gangrene is rarely fatal (T/F)

A

false

41
Q

gas gangrene spreads throughout the body via blood (T/F)

A

true

42
Q

occurs when tissues become dehydrated if the blood supply is reduced

A

dry / ischemic gangrene

43
Q

characterized by black, dry, wrinkled, greasy tissue

A

dry / ischemic gangrene

44
Q

in dry / ischemic gangrene there is a clearly defined line of separation between the dead and the healthy tissue (T/F)

A

true

45
Q

infection is present in cases of dry / ischemic gangrene (T/F)

A

false

46
Q

type of necrosis often associated with diabetes mellitus

A

dry / ischemic gangrene

47
Q

the shrinkage in the size of the cell by the loss of cell substrate

A

atrophy

48
Q

atrophied cells are not dead - they are just trying to adapt to a decrease in the supply of required resources (T/F)

A

true

49
Q

atrophy that occurs due to a pathological condition

A

pathological atrophy

50
Q

atrophy that is not accompanied by a pathological condition

A

physiological atrophy

51
Q

an increase in the size of the cells, and consequently, an increase in the size of an organ or tissue

A

hypertrophy

52
Q

hypertrophy not associated with a pathological condition

A

physiological hypertrophy

53
Q

hypertrophy which occurs when cells have been damaged by a pathological condition

A

pathological hypertrophy

54
Q

hypertrophy when no disease is present but is the result of removal or damage

A

compensatory hypertrophy

55
Q

an increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to the number of cells increasing

A

hyperplasia

56
Q

replacement of damaged cells with identical cells

A

physiological regeneration

57
Q

replacement of damaged cells with cells other than the original type

A

pathological regeneration

58
Q

-algia

A

pain

59
Q

-dynia

A

pain

60
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling

61
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

62
Q

-edema

A

swelling

63
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

64
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

65
Q

-gen

A

forming, producing, origin

66
Q

-genesis

A

formation

67
Q

-iasis

A

specific abnormal condition

68
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

69
Q

-lith

A

stone, calculus

70
Q

-malacia

A

softening

71
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

72
Q

-oma

A

tumor

73
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition, increase

74
Q

-pathy

A

disease

75
Q

-penia

A

decrease, deficiency

76
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

77
Q

-phobia

A

fear

78
Q

-phasia

A

speech

79
Q

-plasia / -plasm

A

formation, growth

80
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

81
Q

-rrhagia

A

bursting of

82
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

83
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction

84
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

85
Q

-toxic

A

poison

86
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

PIMS Pathology I (8 decks)

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