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a human body exam > Week 6 (Blood and Vessels) > Flashcards

Week 6 (Blood and Vessels) Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate between plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells

A
  • Plasma flows through the bloodstream, transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste.
  • Platelets rush to wounds, forming clots and aiding in healing.
  • Red blood cells ferry oxygen throughout the body, sustaining life.
  • White blood cells vigilantly defend against invaders, maintaining immunity.
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2
Q

Outline the mechanism of erythropoiesis

A
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3
Q

Describe the relationship between blood composition, viscosity, volume and pressure

A
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4
Q

Define haemostasis and outline the processes involved

A
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5
Q

Describe the basis of human blood types (groups)

A
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6
Q

Contrast and compare the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins

A
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7
Q

Name the major arteries of the body and the organs they serve

A
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8
Q

Discuss the role of the blood and blood vessels in maintaining homeostasis

A
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9
Q

Relate the structure and function of the cardiovascular system to a range of nursing actions

A
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10
Q

Name of formed element

Life spam:
Function:

Erythrocyte

A

life span: 120 days
- transport oxygen

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11
Q

Match the word to the statements

primary water, non-cellular, fluid matrix of blood (55%)

A
  • plasma
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12
Q

Match the word to the statements

Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, white blood cells and platelets are all …… and make up 45% of the blood

A

formed elements

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13
Q

Match the word to the statements

granulocytes …..

A
  • neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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14
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Neutrophil
(60-70)

A

Life span: 6 hours to few days
Function: phagocytosis

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15
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Basophil (1%)

A

Life spam: hours to days
Function: granules with histamine and heparin

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16
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Eosinophil
(2-4%)

A

Life span: 8-12 days
Function: large pathogens (worms). destoraygs antigen-antibody complexes. allergy

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17
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Lymphocyte

A

Life span: hours to decades
Function: immune response

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18
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

monocytes (3-8%)

A

Life span: months
Function: develop into macrophages

19
Q

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Platelets

A

Life span: 5-6 days
Function: platelet plug

20
Q

Match the word to the statements

agranular leukocytes….

A
  • lymphocytes, monocytes
21
Q

Match the word to the statements

most numerous leukocyte

A

neutrophils

22
Q

Match the word to the statements

derived from a monocyte

A

macrophage

23
Q

Match the word to the statements

immune response

A

lymphocyte

24
Q

Match the word to the statements

contains haemoglobin

A

erythrocyte

25
Q

Match the word to the statements

stimulates “making” of erythrocytes

A

erythropoietin

26
Q

Match the word to the statements

forms a temporary plug to stop bleeding

A

platelets

27
Q

Blood Type O antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

A

Antigen: Neither
Antibodies: A and B

28
Q

why might patients suffering from kidney disease be anaemic

A

less erythropoietin

29
Q

Blood Type A antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

A

Antigen: A
Plasma: B

30
Q

Blood Type B antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

A

Antigen: B
Plasma: A

31
Q

Blood Type AB antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

A

Antigen: AB
Plasma: Neither

32
Q

O ( No A or B antigen) DONATED

Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.

O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)

A

O = yes
A = yes
B = yes
AB = no

33
Q

AB ( A or B antigen) DONATED

Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.

O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)

A

O = no
A = no
B = no
AB = yes

34
Q

Why is blood type O often described as the universal donor?

A

No A or B antigen on RCB to be attacked by A or B antibody in plasma if recipient.

35
Q

A ( A antigen) DONATED

Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.

O = a and b
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)

A

O = no
A = yes
B = no
AB = yes

36
Q

B ( B antigen) DONATED

Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.

O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)

A

O = no
A = no
B = yes
AB = yes

37
Q

Why blood group AB often described as the universal recipient

A

Lacks a and b antibodies in plasma (reciepnt)
Therefore will not agglutinate incoming donated RBC with A or B antigen

38
Q

Why is it preferable to not give rhesus positive blood to a rhesus negative individual

A
  • First exposure: Rhesus negative individual will form antibodies to Rh antigen on donated RBC
  • Second exposure: Rhesus negative individuals plasma antigens will agglutinate rhesus positive RBC donated
39
Q

How does the anatomy and physiology of the radius and radial artery facilitate the taking of a radial pulse?

A
  • Radial artery parallel to radius
    Compress artery against bone allows detection of arterial pressure wave from heart
  • Muscular tunica media of artery extends pressure wave through arterial circulation
40
Q

Name one mineral and one fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting

A
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin K (microbiota, greens, grains, meat)
41
Q

Almost Half of our vitamin K is synthesised by our microbial in the colon. How could a prescribed long-term brand-spectrum antibiotic be the cause of frequent nose bleeds?

A
  • Liver uses vitamin K to synthesis four blood clotting factors (blood coagulation)
42
Q

Name the 3 stages of haemostasis

A
  • Vasospam
  • Platelet plug
  • Blood coagulation (via fibrin formation)
43
Q

what inflammation of the tunica internal and media reduce or increase the flexibility and lumen size of a blood vessel

A
  • reduce therefore decrease blood flow

a human body exam (13 decks)

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