Week 6 (Blood and Vessels) Flashcards
Differentiate between plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells
- Plasma flows through the bloodstream, transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste.
- Platelets rush to wounds, forming clots and aiding in healing.
- Red blood cells ferry oxygen throughout the body, sustaining life.
- White blood cells vigilantly defend against invaders, maintaining immunity.
Outline the mechanism of erythropoiesis
Describe the relationship between blood composition, viscosity, volume and pressure
Define haemostasis and outline the processes involved
Describe the basis of human blood types (groups)
Contrast and compare the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins
Name the major arteries of the body and the organs they serve
Discuss the role of the blood and blood vessels in maintaining homeostasis
Relate the structure and function of the cardiovascular system to a range of nursing actions
Name of formed element
Life spam:
Function:
Erythrocyte
life span: 120 days
- transport oxygen
Match the word to the statements
primary water, non-cellular, fluid matrix of blood (55%)
- plasma
Match the word to the statements
Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, white blood cells and platelets are all …… and make up 45% of the blood
formed elements
Match the word to the statements
granulocytes …..
- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
Neutrophil
(60-70)
Life span: 6 hours to few days
Function: phagocytosis
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
Basophil (1%)
Life spam: hours to days
Function: granules with histamine and heparin
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
Eosinophil
(2-4%)
Life span: 8-12 days
Function: large pathogens (worms). destoraygs antigen-antibody complexes. allergy
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
Lymphocyte
Life span: hours to decades
Function: immune response
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
monocytes (3-8%)
Life span: months
Function: develop into macrophages
Name of formed element
Life span:
Function:
Platelets
Life span: 5-6 days
Function: platelet plug
Match the word to the statements
agranular leukocytes….
- lymphocytes, monocytes
Match the word to the statements
most numerous leukocyte
neutrophils
Match the word to the statements
derived from a monocyte
macrophage
Match the word to the statements
immune response
lymphocyte
Match the word to the statements
contains haemoglobin
erythrocyte
Match the word to the statements
stimulates “making” of erythrocytes
erythropoietin
Match the word to the statements
forms a temporary plug to stop bleeding
platelets
Blood Type O antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma
Antigen: Neither
Antibodies: A and B
why might patients suffering from kidney disease be anaemic
less erythropoietin
Blood Type A antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma
Antigen: A
Plasma: B
Blood Type B antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma
Antigen: B
Plasma: A
Blood Type AB antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma
Antigen: AB
Plasma: Neither
O ( No A or B antigen) DONATED
Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.
O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)
O = yes
A = yes
B = yes
AB = no
AB ( A or B antigen) DONATED
Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.
O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)
O = no
A = no
B = no
AB = yes
Why is blood type O often described as the universal donor?
No A or B antigen on RCB to be attacked by A or B antibody in plasma if recipient.
A ( A antigen) DONATED
Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.
O = a and b
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)
O = no
A = yes
B = no
AB = yes
B ( B antigen) DONATED
Antigen in RECIPIENT plama.
O
A
B
AB (no A or B antibody)
O = no
A = no
B = yes
AB = yes
Why blood group AB often described as the universal recipient
Lacks a and b antibodies in plasma (reciepnt)
Therefore will not agglutinate incoming donated RBC with A or B antigen
Why is it preferable to not give rhesus positive blood to a rhesus negative individual
- First exposure: Rhesus negative individual will form antibodies to Rh antigen on donated RBC
- Second exposure: Rhesus negative individuals plasma antigens will agglutinate rhesus positive RBC donated
How does the anatomy and physiology of the radius and radial artery facilitate the taking of a radial pulse?
- Radial artery parallel to radius
Compress artery against bone allows detection of arterial pressure wave from heart - Muscular tunica media of artery extends pressure wave through arterial circulation
Name one mineral and one fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting
- Calcium
- Vitamin K (microbiota, greens, grains, meat)
Almost Half of our vitamin K is synthesised by our microbial in the colon. How could a prescribed long-term brand-spectrum antibiotic be the cause of frequent nose bleeds?
- Liver uses vitamin K to synthesis four blood clotting factors (blood coagulation)
Name the 3 stages of haemostasis
- Vasospam
- Platelet plug
- Blood coagulation (via fibrin formation)
what inflammation of the tunica internal and media reduce or increase the flexibility and lumen size of a blood vessel
- reduce therefore decrease blood flow
