Week 1 (Body Structure, Homeostasis)

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

Is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

Is the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

Question 3

Discuss the significance of anatomical and physiological variation in humans

Question 4

Describe the structural levels (hierarchy) of the human body

Answer 4

1. Living Organism: composed of organ systems
2. 11 (12) x Organ Systems: composed of organs
3. Organs: composed of tissues
4. Tissues: composed of CELLS
5. Cells: composed of organelles
6. Organelles: composed of molecules
   7 Molecules: composed of at least two atoms

Question 5

Demonstrate a basic understanding of how medical terms are derived

Answer 5

• Suffix: (end) may modify core meaning: cardiology, cardium
• Prefix: (in front) may modify core meaning: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
• Root Word: the core meaning of word: cardiology, the root is cardi- (heart)

Question 5

Define homeostasis

Answer 5

Ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that reverse it and thereby maintain
relatively stable internal environment within a ‘normal’ range

Question 6

What are the 3 components of homeostasis’

Answer 6

• Receptor
• Integrating Center
• Effector

Question 7

What does the Receptor do?

Answer 7

Body structure senses change (e.g., temperature nerve endings in skin)

Question 8

What does the Integrating center do?

Answer 8

Processes information, ‘makes a decision’ and directs response

Question 9

What does the Effector do?

Answer 9

Carries out corrective action

Question 10

What is the positive feedback System?

Answer 10

• Self-Amplifying mechanism where a physiological change leads to an even greater
  change in the same direction
• Control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments

e.g., blood clotting, uterine contractions

Question 11

What is the negative feedback System?

Answer 11

• Self-Correcting mechanism that keeps a variable to within its normal range
  (homeostasis)
• Body senses a change and activates mechanisms that reverse it (nervous, endocrine)

Example: Regulation of body temperature

Question 12

What is the consequence of a prolonged homoestatsic imbalance?

Answer 12

• We get ill

Question 13

List some homesostatic mechanisms of the body that are controlled by negative feedback

Answer 13

• Blood glucose level
• Blood pressure
• Temperature
• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Rate

Question 14

Umbilicus and knee are on the … body surface

Answer 14

Anterior

Question 15

Calves and shoulder blades are on the … body surface

Answer 15

posterior

Question 16

Ears are… to the shoulder but … to the nose

Answer 16

• Medial
• Lateral

Question 17

Thoracic is … to the abdomen-pelvic cavity and … to the spinal cavity

Answer 17

• Superior
• Anterior

Question 18

Sternum is … to the vertebral column and .. to the shoulders

Answer 18

• Anterior
• Medial

Question 19

Elbow is … to the shoulders

Answer 19

• Disal