Week 1 (Body Structure, Homeostasis) Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
Is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
What is Physiology?
Is the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
Discuss the significance of anatomical and physiological variation in humans
Describe the structural levels (hierarchy) of the human body
- Living Organism: composed of organ systems
- 11 (12) x Organ Systems: composed of organs
- Organs: composed of tissues
- Tissues: composed of CELLS
- Cells: composed of organelles
- Organelles: composed of molecules
7 Molecules: composed of at least two atoms
Demonstrate a basic understanding of how medical terms are derived
- Suffix: (end) may modify core meaning: cardiology, cardium
- Prefix: (in front) may modify core meaning: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
- Root Word: the core meaning of word: cardiology, the root is cardi- (heart)
Define homeostasis
Ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that reverse it and thereby maintain
relatively stable internal environment within a ‘normal’ range
What are the 3 components of homeostasis’
- Receptor
- Integrating Center
- Effector
What does the Receptor do?
Body structure senses change (e.g., temperature nerve endings in skin)
What does the Integrating center do?
Processes information, ‘makes a decision’ and directs response
What does the Effector do?
Carries out corrective action
What is the positive feedback System?
- Self-Amplifying mechanism where a physiological change leads to an even greater
change in the same direction - Control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments
e.g., blood clotting, uterine contractions
What is the negative feedback System?
- Self-Correcting mechanism that keeps a variable to within its normal range
(homeostasis) - Body senses a change and activates mechanisms that reverse it (nervous, endocrine)
Example: Regulation of body temperature
What is the consequence of a prolonged homoestatsic imbalance?
- We get ill
List some homesostatic mechanisms of the body that are controlled by negative feedback
- Blood glucose level
- Blood pressure
- Temperature
- Heart Rate
- Respiratory Rate
Umbilicus and knee are on the … body surface
Anterior