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A Human Body Exam > Week 4 (Tissues, Integumentary) > Flashcards

Week 4 (Tissues, Integumentary) Flashcards

1
Q

Compare and contrast epithelial and connective tissue

A
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2
Q

Name the twelve (12) organ systems of the body and outline the major function of each

A
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3
Q

Identify the body cavity location of the major internal organs (viscera)

A
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4
Q

Name the serous membranes (serosa) lining the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A
  • thoracic cavity:The pleura is the serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs
  • abdominal cavity: The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs.
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5
Q

Describe the composition of the dermis

A

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and provides structural support, elasticity, and nourishment to the skin.

Papillary Dermis: The superficial layer of the dermis, characterized by finger-like projections called dermal papillae. It contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors

Reticular Dermis: The deeper and thicker layer of the dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It provides structural support and houses structures such as sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and Pacinian corpuscles (pressure receptors).

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6
Q

Describe the composition of the epidermis

A

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and water loss.

Stratum Corneum: The outermost layer consisting of dead, keratinized cells that continuously slough off. It provides protection against abrasion and forms the skin’s barrier.

Stratum Lucidum: Present only in thick skin (e.g., palms and soles), this layer consists of translucent cells with no nuclei and provides additional protection.

Stratum Granulosum: Composed of keratinocytes undergoing keratinization (the process of filling with keratin and dying), this layer helps waterproof the skin.

Stratum Spinosum: Keratinocytes in this layer have a spiny appearance due to cell-to-cell junctions called desmosomes. It provides strength and support to the epidermis.

Stratum Basale (or Stratum Germinativum): The deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes undergo rapid division to replenish the cells of the upper layers. Melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin, are also found here, providing protection against UV radiation.

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7
Q

Name the organ interactions involved in the formation of Vitamin D

A

vitamin D involves interactions between the skin, liver, and kidneys.

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8
Q

Describe the distribution and roles of the cutaneous glands

A
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9
Q

Discuss the role of the integumentary system in maintaining homeostasis

A
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10
Q

Relate the structure and function of the integumentary system to a range of nursing actions

A
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11
Q

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Squamous

A
  • Lungs (diffusion)
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12
Q

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Cuboidal

A
  • Kidneys (absorption)
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13
Q

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Columnar

A
  • Stomach (secretion)
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14
Q

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Stratified Squamous

A
  • Protection from Skin abrasion
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15
Q

Epithelial tissue is classified by :

A
  • The number of cell layers
  • Theshape of the cells
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16
Q

Simple epithelial have …. layer of cells

A
  • One
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17
Q

Stratified epithelium has …. layers of cells

A
  • many
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18
Q

….. epithelium has cells that are flattened like fish scales

A
  • Squamous
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19
Q

….epithelium has cells that are cube shaped

A
  • Cuboidal
20
Q

…..epithelium has cells that are column shaped

A
  • Columnar
21
Q

Name the 5 main connective tissue types found in the body

A
  • loose e.g areolar, adipose
  • dense e.g regular and irregular
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • blood
22
Q

what anatomy and physiology of the hypodermic facilities it used as an injection site?

A
  • no nerve endings (pain free)
  • adipose (slow absorption)
  • vascular ( continuous absorption
  • 0.5-1.0ml
  • not for irritating medications
23
Q

what anatomy and physiology of the skin facilities the regulation of the body temperature

A
  • vasoconstriction (conserve heat)
  • vasodilation (lose heat through evaporation of sweat)
24
Q

how would pulling the bed clothes over a patient with a raised body temperature 9pyrexia) interfere with this regulatory mechanism?

A
  • reduce heat loss
  • temperature may rise further
25
Q

for transdermal medications to be absorbed through the skin must they be water or fat soluble? what implication does this have to the administering nurse?

A
  • fat- soluble
  • will also absorb through nurses skin
26
Q

What is the glandular epithelium?

A

One or more cells that SECRETE a product

  • Endocrine gland
    Secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood
  • Exocrine gland
    Secretions empty into ducts out to surface
    Milk, sweat, sebum, wax
27
Q

Match the term to each statement

epidermis

A
  • avascular region
28
Q

Match the term to each statement

Stratum Corneum

A

dead cells

29
Q

Match the term to each statement

keratinocytes

A

produces keratin

30
Q

Match the term to each statement

desmosomes

A

connects keratinocytes

31
Q

Match the term to each statement

keratin

A

protein fibre making epidermis tough

32
Q

Match the term to each statement

stratum granulosum

A

waterproofing layer of epidermis

33
Q

Match the term to each statement

stratum basale

A

contains epidermal stem cells

34
Q

Match the term to each statement

melanocyte

A

produce melanin

35
Q

Match the term to each statement

dendritic

A

phagocytic cells in epidermis

36
Q

Match the term to each statement

collagen

A

protein fibre making dermis tough

37
Q

Match the term to each statement

papillary

A

superficial dermis layer (loose connective)

38
Q

Match the term to each statement

reticular

A

major skin area (dense connective tissue, vascular)

39
Q

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located

Liver

A

right hypochondriac

40
Q

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located

Stomach

A

left hypochondriac

41
Q

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located

Appendix

A

right inguinal, hypogastric

42
Q

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located

Descending colon

A

left lumbar

43
Q

what organs in each cavity

cranial

A

brain
- dorsal

44
Q

what organs in each cavity

vertebral

A
  • dorsal
  • spindal cord
45
Q

what organs in each cavity

thoracic

A
  • heart and lungs
  • ventral
46
Q

what organs in each cavity

abdominal

A
  • ventral
  • digestive viscera
47
Q

what organs in each cavity

cranial

A

A Human Body Exam (13 decks)

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