Week 2 (Building Blocks, Nutrition)

Question 1

Define atoms

Answer 1

• Are the building blocks of matter (human body)
• Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Question 2

Define macromolecules

Answer 2

• very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or rubber) built up from smaller chemical structures
• Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Water

Question 3

Define molecules,

Answer 3

• Are composed of at least two atoms

Question 4

Differentiate hydrophilic from hydrophobic substances

Answer 4

• Water-soluble (Hydrophilic) substances dissolve in H2O

-Fat-soluble (Hydrophobic)
Substances that cannot dissolve in H2O

Question 5

Explain the consequence of temperature and pH changes on enzyme conformation

Answer 5

Extreme heat and pH changes break chemical bonds etc. and cause conformational
(shape) changes that destroy enzyme function

Question 6

Identify the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the human body

Answer 6

• Body’s energy-transfer molecule (Daily ATP = 2 x your body weight)
• Briefly stores energy gained from breakdown of food

Question 7

Describe how the building blocks of the human body are linked to nutrition

Question 8

Explain why it is important to consider nutrients within the context of a total diet

Question 9

Discuss the structural and functional differences of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and DNA

Question 10

What are organic compounds?

Answer 10

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleotides (DNA, RNA)

Question 11

The 3 types of atoms

Answer 11

• Proton: Postive Charge
• Neutron: Neutral Charge
• Electron: Negative Charge

Question 12

Types of chemical bonds

Answer 12

• Ionic bonds
• Covalent bonds
• Hydrogen bonds

Question 13

How do atoms become stable

Answer 13

• Gaining electrons = become negatively charged (anion, Cl)
• Losing electrons = become positively charged (cation, Na+)
• Sharing electrons equally (= nonpolar molecule e.g., O2) or unequally (= polar molecule
  e.g., H2O, glucose)

Question 14

What’s the difference between inorganic or organic compounds

Answer 14

• Inorganic compounds: Lack carbon (water, minerals)
• Organic compounds: Contain carbon (glucose)

Question 15

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are united by a chemical bonds. Match the monomers to the large polymers (macromolecules)

Monosaccharides

Answer 15

carbohydrates

Question 16

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are united by a chemical bonds. Match the monomers to the large polymers (macromolecules)

triglycerides and glycerol

Answer 16

lipids

Question 17

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are united by a chemical bonds. Match the monomers to the large polymers (macromolecules)

amino acids (x 20)

Answer 17

protein

Question 18

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are united by a chemical bonds. Match the monomers to the large polymers (macromolecules)

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 19

List some carbohydrates that include “one” in their name

Answer 19

• monomers ; glucose, fructose, glaltose
• polymers: sucrose ( glucose + fructose), lactose( glucose + galactose), maltose ( glucose + glucose)

Question 20

Carbohydrate (monosaccharides)

Answer 20

• water- soluble
• Function: Quick fuel source to make energy (ATP)

Question 21

Lipid (triglycerides)

Answer 21

• Fat- soluble
• Function: Protective structural insulation, fuel source to make energy

Question 22

lipid (phospholipids)

Answer 22

• fat and water soluble
• function: plasma membranes

Question 23

protein (amino acids)

Answer 23

• water soluble
• strcutral ( collagen) , functional (enzymes, channels, receptors, pumps)

Question 24

Nucleic acid ( nucleotides)

Answer 24

• water- soluble
• 4- letter alphabet that is translated into 3-letter words that code for the amino acid sequence of proteins