Week 10 ( Digestive Tube)

Question 1

Food is technically broken down in 3 different locations. List these locations and the mechanical process performed there.

Answer 1

a. oral cavity (mastication)
b. stomach (churning)
c. small intestine (segmentation)

Question 2

List from proximal to dial the three regions of the small intestine.

Answer 2

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum

Question 3

list 4 locations in the human body that digestive enzymes are produced

Answer 3

1. oral cavity
2. stomach
3. pancreas
4. jejunum

Question 4

palate

Answer 4

separates nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 5

stomach

Answer 5

organ in which protein digestion begins

Question 6

pyloric sphincter

Answer 6

controls entry of stomach contents into duodenum

Question 7

main source of digestive enzymes

Answer 7

pancreas

Question 8

storage site for bile

Answer 8

gallbladder

Question 9

receives pancreatic juice and bile

Answer 9

duodenum

Question 10

vili

Answer 10

finger-like projections of jejunum mucosa

Question 11

jejunum

Answer 11

major organ for absorption of nutrients

Question 12

Peyers patches

Answer 12

lymphatic tissue in small intestine

Question 13

colon

Answer 13

final water absorption and faeces formation

Question 14

hepatic portal vein

Answer 14

delivers absorbed nutrients from the intestines to the livers

Question 15

appendix

Answer 15

blind sac hanging from initial part of the colon

Question 16

a medication that is administered via the mouth is usually designed to be absorbed into the body through which organ

Answer 16

jejunum

Question 17

list the structural feature of this organ that make it the optimal for nutrient and medication absorption

Answer 17

• vascular
• muscular
• large surface area ( folds, vili, microvilli)

Question 18

what factors could influence the movement of a medication from the stomach to the jejunum?

Answer 18

• food in stomach, food type
• other medication
• diarrhoea, constipation

Question 19

list some roles of the microbiota in your colon

Answer 19

• helps digest food
• produce vitamin
• produce ATP, hormones, neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory chemical
• immunity

Question 20

what are the stages of digestion

Answer 20

1)Ingestion
2) Digestion (Mechanical and chemical)
3) Absorption
4) Compaction
5) Defecation

Question 21

Mechanical digestion

Answer 21

Fragment’s foods into smaller molecules to increase surface area

• Mastication in mouth
• Churning in stomach
• Segmentation in ileum

Question 22

Chemical digestion

Answer 22

Enzymes break food down (by hydrolysis) into their building blocks’

Each major food group uses different enzymes
- Carbohydrates to simple sugars
- Proteins to amino acids
- Fats (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

Absorption

Answer 23

These building blocks move through enterocytes of the villi into the blood capillaries or lacteals

• Monosaccharides and amino acids are transported to liver via hepatic portal system
• Fatty acids and glycerol in the lacteals enter the lymphatic system

Question 24

what is the digestive system?

Answer 24

• the digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients from it and eliminates the residue.

Question 25

What is ingestion

Answer 25

the selective intake of food

Question 26

what is digestion

Answer 26

the breakdown of food into a form usable by the body

Question 27

what is absorption

Answer 27

the uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph

Question 28

what is compaction

Answer 28

absorption or water and consolidation of the indigestible residue into faces

Question 29

what is defecation

Answer 29

the elimination of faces

Question 30

What are the comononets of the digestive tube

Answer 30

• mouth
• Sharyn
• oesphagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intesting
• anus

assessors organs
- teeth
- slavic glands
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder

Question 31

Deglutition

Answer 31

Swallowing center in medulla oblongata

Oral or buccal phase;Voluntary (skeletal muscle). Food formed into bolus

Pharyngeal phase: All passageways blocked, except to stomach. Bolus pushed into
oesophagus

Oesophageal phase; Involuntary, peristalsis moves bolus on, and gravity

Question 32

Oesophagus

Answer 32

Tube, pharynx to stomach through diaphragm

Question 33

Digestive tube

Answer 33

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis externa
4) Serosa (peritoneum)m j