Week 10 ( Digestive Tube) Flashcards
Food is technically broken down in 3 different locations. List these locations and the mechanical process performed there.
a. oral cavity (mastication)
b. stomach (churning)
c. small intestine (segmentation)
List from proximal to dial the three regions of the small intestine.
a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
list 4 locations in the human body that digestive enzymes are produced
- oral cavity
- stomach
- pancreas
- jejunum
palate
separates nasal cavity from the oral cavity
stomach
organ in which protein digestion begins
pyloric sphincter
controls entry of stomach contents into duodenum
main source of digestive enzymes
pancreas
storage site for bile
gallbladder
receives pancreatic juice and bile
duodenum
vili
finger-like projections of jejunum mucosa
jejunum
major organ for absorption of nutrients
Peyers patches
lymphatic tissue in small intestine
colon
final water absorption and faeces formation
hepatic portal vein
delivers absorbed nutrients from the intestines to the livers
appendix
blind sac hanging from initial part of the colon
a medication that is administered via the mouth is usually designed to be absorbed into the body through which organ
jejunum
list the structural feature of this organ that make it the optimal for nutrient and medication absorption
- vascular
- muscular
- large surface area ( folds, vili, microvilli)
what factors could influence the movement of a medication from the stomach to the jejunum?
- food in stomach, food type
- other medication
- diarrhoea, constipation
list some roles of the microbiota in your colon
- helps digest food
- produce vitamin
- produce ATP, hormones, neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory chemical
- immunity
what are the stages of digestion
1)Ingestion
2) Digestion (Mechanical and chemical)
3) Absorption
4) Compaction
5) Defecation
Mechanical digestion
Fragment’s foods into smaller molecules to increase surface area
- Mastication in mouth
- Churning in stomach
- Segmentation in ileum
Chemical digestion
Enzymes break food down (by hydrolysis) into their building blocks’
Each major food group uses different enzymes
- Carbohydrates to simple sugars
- Proteins to amino acids
- Fats (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerol
Absorption
These building blocks move through enterocytes of the villi into the blood capillaries or lacteals
- Monosaccharides and amino acids are transported to liver via hepatic portal system
- Fatty acids and glycerol in the lacteals enter the lymphatic system
what is the digestive system?
- the digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients from it and eliminates the residue.
What is ingestion
the selective intake of food
what is digestion
the breakdown of food into a form usable by the body
what is absorption
the uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph
what is compaction
absorption or water and consolidation of the indigestible residue into faces
what is defecation
the elimination of faces
What are the comononets of the digestive tube
- mouth
- Sharyn
- oesphagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intesting
- anus
assessors organs
- teeth
- slavic glands
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder
Deglutition
Swallowing center in medulla oblongata
Oral or buccal phase;Voluntary (skeletal muscle). Food formed into bolus
Pharyngeal phase: All passageways blocked, except to stomach. Bolus pushed into
oesophagus
Oesophageal phase; Involuntary, peristalsis moves bolus on, and gravity
Oesophagus
Tube, pharynx to stomach through diaphragm
Digestive tube
1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis externa
4) Serosa (peritoneum)m j
