Week 10 ( Digestive Tube) Flashcards

1
Q

Food is technically broken down in 3 different locations. List these locations and the mechanical process performed there.

A

a. oral cavity (mastication)
b. stomach (churning)
c. small intestine (segmentation)

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2
Q

List from proximal to dial the three regions of the small intestine.

A

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum

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3
Q

list 4 locations in the human body that digestive enzymes are produced

A
  1. oral cavity
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
  4. jejunum
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4
Q

palate

A

separates nasal cavity from the oral cavity

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5
Q

stomach

A

organ in which protein digestion begins

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6
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

controls entry of stomach contents into duodenum

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7
Q

main source of digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

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8
Q

storage site for bile

A

gallbladder

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9
Q

receives pancreatic juice and bile

A

duodenum

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10
Q

vili

A

finger-like projections of jejunum mucosa

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11
Q

jejunum

A

major organ for absorption of nutrients

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12
Q

Peyers patches

A

lymphatic tissue in small intestine

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13
Q

colon

A

final water absorption and faeces formation

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14
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

delivers absorbed nutrients from the intestines to the livers

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15
Q

appendix

A

blind sac hanging from initial part of the colon

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16
Q

a medication that is administered via the mouth is usually designed to be absorbed into the body through which organ

A

jejunum

17
Q

list the structural feature of this organ that make it the optimal for nutrient and medication absorption

A
  • vascular
  • muscular
  • large surface area ( folds, vili, microvilli)
18
Q

what factors could influence the movement of a medication from the stomach to the jejunum?

A
  • food in stomach, food type
  • other medication
  • diarrhoea, constipation
19
Q

list some roles of the microbiota in your colon

A
  • helps digest food
  • produce vitamin
  • produce ATP, hormones, neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory chemical
  • immunity
20
Q

what are the stages of digestion

A

1)Ingestion
2) Digestion (Mechanical and chemical)
3) Absorption
4) Compaction
5) Defecation

21
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Fragment’s foods into smaller molecules to increase surface area

  • Mastication in mouth
  • Churning in stomach
  • Segmentation in ileum
22
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes break food down (by hydrolysis) into their building blocks’

Each major food group uses different enzymes
- Carbohydrates to simple sugars
- Proteins to amino acids
- Fats (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerol

23
Q

Absorption

A

These building blocks move through enterocytes of the villi into the blood capillaries or lacteals

  • Monosaccharides and amino acids are transported to liver via hepatic portal system
  • Fatty acids and glycerol in the lacteals enter the lymphatic system
24
Q

what is the digestive system?

A
  • the digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients from it and eliminates the residue.
25
Q

What is ingestion

A

the selective intake of food

26
Q

what is digestion

A

the breakdown of food into a form usable by the body

27
Q

what is absorption

A

the uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph

28
Q

what is compaction

A

absorption or water and consolidation of the indigestible residue into faces

29
Q

what is defecation

A

the elimination of faces

30
Q

What are the comononets of the digestive tube

A
  • mouth
  • Sharyn
  • oesphagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intesting
  • anus

assessors organs
- teeth
- slavic glands
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder

31
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing center in medulla oblongata

Oral or buccal phase;Voluntary (skeletal muscle). Food formed into bolus

Pharyngeal phase: All passageways blocked, except to stomach. Bolus pushed into
oesophagus

Oesophageal phase; Involuntary, peristalsis moves bolus on, and gravity

32
Q

Oesophagus

A

Tube, pharynx to stomach through diaphragm

33
Q

Digestive tube

A

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis externa
4) Serosa (peritoneum)m j