Week 6

Question 1

What are the two main categories of Hormones ?

Answer 1

1. Amine & Polypeptide

2. Steroid derived

Question 2

Plasma concentration of hormones is determined by?

Answer 2

Rate of secretion

Rate of metabolism or excretion

Quantity of transport proteins

Plasma volume

Question 3

Magnitude of hormone effect depends on ?

Answer 3

Concentration of hormone

Number of receptors

affinity

Up or down regulation

Question 4

Two ways in which Growth Hormone affects energy fuel during exercise

Answer 4

1. Decreases tissue glucose uptake

2. Increase Fatty acid mobilisation

Question 5

How does cortisol affect fuel during exercise

Answer 5

• stimulate FFA mobilisation from adipose tissue
• enhance gluconeogenesis in the liver
• decrease the rate of Glucose utilisation by cells

Question 6

Cortisol during low intensity exercise will?

Increase or decrease

Answer 6

Decrease

Question 7

Cortisol during high intensity exercise will?

Increase or decrease

Answer 7

Increase

Question 8

What is the function of Catecholamines during exercise in regards to BGL

Answer 8

• Muscle Glycogen mobilisation
• liver glucose mobilisation
• FFA mobilisation
• interfere with glucose uptake
• Inhibits pancreatic Beta cells
• Stimulates pancreatic alpha cells

Question 9

What happens to plasma insulin during exercise

Answer 9

Concentration decreases

Question 10

What happens to insulin following training

Answer 10

Decreased response

Question 11

Essentially, during exercise Epinephrine, Ne, GH, Cortisol, Glucagon will all___________ and insulin will _________

Answer 11

Increase

Decrease

Question 12

What hormones are released from Adipose tissue ?

Answer 12

Leptin

Adiponectin

Question 13

What is the function of Leptin

Answer 13

• influences appetite
• increase insulin sensitivity
• fatty acid oxidation

Question 14

What is the function of Adiponectin

Answer 14

Increase insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation

Question 15

How does leptin and adiponectin respond in Obesity

Answer 15

Increased leptin levels

Decreased Adiponectin

Question 16

How can skeletal muscle be justified as an endocrine Gland

Answer 16

It releases Myokines during contraction

Question 17

List 3 ways hormones can affect enzymes within a cell

Answer 17

• stimulate enzyme production
• increase or decrease effectiveness (Allosteric modulation)
• increase total activity (Activates inactive enzyme forms)

Question 18

List actions of Growth Hormone

Answer 18

• release IGF
• amino acid uptake and synthesis
• long bone and muscle growth
• spares plasma glucose ( increases gluconeogenesis)
• Fatty acid mobilisation
• decreases tissue glucose uptake

Question 19

Three functions of testosterone

Answer 19

1. Promotes tissue building
2. Performance enhancement
3. Masculine characteristics

Question 20

List the hormones implicated in regulation BGL

Answer 20

• insulin
• Glucagon
• GH
• Cortisol
• Catecholamines
• somatostatin

Question 21

How does somatostatin effect BGL

Answer 21

• inhibits Glucagon and thereby decreases BGL

Question 22

With regards to intensity, when will NE and Epi be released?

Answer 22

NE - around 50% VO2 max.

E - higher release as intensity increases (highest concentration seen at 100-110% of VO2 max)

Question 23

What is the common intracellular mediator of Catecholamines

Answer 23

• Cyclic AMP

Question 24

How does training effect Catecholamines?

Answer 24

• NE release is lower in trained individuals

- NE and Epi output both decrease within weeks of training

Question 25

What are Catecholamines ultimate function in BGL

Answer 25

• maintains it during exercise