Week 13 Lecture Flashcards
List 4 negative outcomes that can result from untreated Hypertension
- Pathological cardiac hypertrophy
- Formation of cerebral aneurysms
- Renal or afferent artery stenosis
- Heart failure
a single bout of Aerobic exercise will cause little change to _____ and increase _____
DBP
SBP
What level RPE should be attained in strength training to decrease blood pressure
12-13
List what should be included in a health screening before exercise of those with CVD?
- Medical history
- physical examination
- laboratory assessment (cholesterol)
- physiological testing (GXT)
List positive outcomes of exercise in those with CAD
- structural and functional changes in myocardium
- reduces heart rate and blood pressure = reduced cardiac workload
- reduced anginal pain
What is the most common symptom in PAD
Intermittent Claudication
What should be the focus in exercise for those with PAD
Improve walking capacity
What are risks or special considerations in PAD patients when exercising
- poor wound healing
- peripheral neuropathy (balance)
- increases bleeding risk
- at risk of AAA
How is O2 consumption affected in PVD patients ?
O2 consumption 50% of that in normal individuals
What exercise pattern should be used in PVD
Exercise-> rest and repeat
Symptom dependent
Following a single bout of exercise, BP will ______ for _____ hours
Decrease
22 hours
A combination of _____ training and _______ training should be performed by hypertensive patients
Aerobic
Weight
List 5 benefits of exercise with COPD
- CV reconditioning
- Desensitisation to dsypnea
- Increased muscular strength
- improved body composition
- Improved ventilator efficiency
What should be the 4 goals of exercise for COPD patients
- Optimise respiratory mechanics
- Energy conservation during ADLs
- Correct physical reconditioning
- Desensitisation to dyspnea
Why are warm-ups important for asthma patients
Refractory period
List benefits of exercising for asthma patients
- Increased efficiency of oxygen delivery
- less production of lactic acid
- decreases ventilation
List 5 ways to reduce risk of EIA
- Monitor air flow with a peak flow meter
- Avoid allergic triggers
- Take medication before exercise
- Warm and up cool down
- Nasal breathing
Testing considerations:
With individuals of middle age, present HTN and additional Coronary risk factors, what should be done on initial testing and why
Stress test, will show any heart abnormalities
Vasodilatory effects from exercise can be due to what?
- Body warming effects
- Lactic acid or Nitric Oxide production
- Decreased sympathetic activity
- Hormone/receptor response
Why could aerobic exercise be beneficial in HTN patients
It acts quickly to chronically reduce BP
Positive effects can be seen in 3 weeks
How does resistance training effect blood pressure, give recommendations
Only has a modest effect
8-12 reps, single set of 8-10 exercises
What should be considered for a warm up with those with hypertension
Slow warm up will reduce the chance of large BP increases
An individual is taking Beta- blockers for their hypertension, why is this important to know ?
HR is no longer a reliable indicator of intensity
Why should exercise be undertaken by those with CVD
- it is shown that exercise can stabilise or regress Atherosclerosis
During a graded exercise test, how is intensity measured and what level should be reached ?
HR
And it should reach 85% of age-predicted max.
Why would a stress test not be used
Is their is presence of acute or unstable cardiac disease
How should intensity be measured in CAD patients ? And why?
RPE
Some may have reduced HR response
What’s an important result and consideration of PVD patients ?
Peripheral Blood flow reduction
PVD:
Walking should be a primary exercise for Aerobic training, what should be the intensity and how should it be scaled
Walking until the point of moderate claudication pain (4-5/10)
What should be an aerobic exercise for PVD patients
- interval walking at maximum tolerable speed
List two special considerations in PVD patients that should be monitored or noted
- monitor HR and BP
- peripheral neuropathy may be present
How long should the exercise-rest pattern for walking be used in a session
35-50 minutes
List cardiopulmonary tests used to test aerobic capacity
- VO2 peak
- Peak HR
- Work performance test
- 6MWT
- STS
- incremental cycle or walking test
- sub-maximal to predict VO2
When prescribing interval or continuous endurance training to COPD patients, what should be used as an intensity scale
% of Baseline PWR
A Borg RPE rating of 12-13, correlates to what score on the Dyspnea scale?
3
When do COPD patients respond to exercise best ?
Mid to late morning
What intensity scales should be used for COPD patients in aerobic training
RPE and Dyspnea
Peak HR usually not reached
What are two preventative causes for EIA
- cool and dry air
- Nasal vs mouth breathing
State the three stage response to exercise in asthma
- Early phase response
- recovery
- refractory period
