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256-Exercise science > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three classifications of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

Oligosaccharides

Polysaccharides

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2
Q

What is the chemical structure of Carbohydrates

A

CH2O

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3
Q

What carbohydrate is often referred to as “simple sugars”

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

What are the 3 main Monosaccharides

A

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

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5
Q

What are the three main types of Oligosaccharides ?

A

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

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6
Q

4 roles of carbohydrates in the body

A

Energy source

Protein sparer

Metabolic primer

Fuel for the CNS

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7
Q

What are the three groups of Lipids

A

Simple (triglycerides)

Compound (Cholesterol)

Derived (steroids)

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8
Q

What is the major storage form of fat in Adipocytes

A

Simple Lipids (triacylglycerols primarily)

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9
Q

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ?

A

Saturated = single bonds

Unsaturated = double bonds

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10
Q

5 roles of Lipids in the body

A

Energy source and reserve

Protection of vital organs

Thermal insulation

Vitamin carrier

Hunger suppressor

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11
Q

Name the process of protein metabolism

A

Deamination

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12
Q

After protein metabolism, what are carbon skeletons used for?

A

Gluconeogenesis

Energy source

Fat synthesis

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13
Q

What is the most rapid method of ATP generation?

A

ATP-PCr system

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14
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in ATP-PCr system

A

Creatine Kinase

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15
Q

90% of Creatine Kinase is found where?

A

Cytosine of the cell

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16
Q

What stimulates Creatine Kinase activity ?

A

ADP

17
Q

What inhibits Creatine Kinase activity ?

A

ATP

18
Q

What does the ATP-PCr system require ?

A

ADP

PCr

CK

19
Q

What system utilises ADP for short duration high intensity exercise?

A

Adenylate Kinase

20
Q

What is the chemical reaction for the Adenylate Kinase system ?

A

2 ADP ATP + AMP

enzyme: Adenylate Kinase

21
Q

What is AMP?

A

Adenosine Monophosphate

22
Q

What does AMP stimulate ?

A

Glycolysis

23
Q

In Glycolysis, how many pyruvate molecules comes from glucose ?

A

Two

24
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of Glycolysis ?

A

Phosphofructokinase

25
Q

What stimulates Phosphofructokinase?

A

AMP

ADP

Pi (inorganic phosphate)

26
Q

What inhibits Phosphofructokinase ?

A

ATP

PCr

Citrate

Reduced ph

27
Q

What does the Glycolysis system require ?

A

Glucose/glycogen

ATP

Enzymes

Effective elimination of waste products

28
Q

What type of exercise is affected by the Glycolitic system ?

A

Short-term high intensity exercise

Anything fast and lasting 1-3 minutes

29
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of pyruvic Acid to Lactic acid

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

30
Q

Name the first step of Glycolysis

A

Glucose > Glucose 6 phosphate

31
Q

Compare aerobic and anaerobic capacities between type 2a and type 2b muscle fibre types

A

Type 2a: Higher aerobic capacity

Type 2b: Higher anaerobic capacity

256-Exercise science (13 decks)

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