Week 2 Flashcards
What are the three classifications of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
What is the chemical structure of Carbohydrates
CH2O
What carbohydrate is often referred to as “simple sugars”
Monosaccharides
What are the 3 main Monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What are the three main types of Oligosaccharides ?
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
4 roles of carbohydrates in the body
Energy source
Protein sparer
Metabolic primer
Fuel for the CNS
What are the three groups of Lipids
Simple (triglycerides)
Compound (Cholesterol)
Derived (steroids)
What is the major storage form of fat in Adipocytes
Simple Lipids (triacylglycerols primarily)
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ?
Saturated = single bonds
Unsaturated = double bonds
5 roles of Lipids in the body
Energy source and reserve
Protection of vital organs
Thermal insulation
Vitamin carrier
Hunger suppressor
Name the process of protein metabolism
Deamination
After protein metabolism, what are carbon skeletons used for?
Gluconeogenesis
Energy source
Fat synthesis
What is the most rapid method of ATP generation?
ATP-PCr system
What is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in ATP-PCr system
Creatine Kinase
90% of Creatine Kinase is found where?
Cytosine of the cell
What stimulates Creatine Kinase activity ?
ADP
What inhibits Creatine Kinase activity ?
ATP
What does the ATP-PCr system require ?
ADP
PCr
CK
What system utilises ADP for short duration high intensity exercise?
Adenylate Kinase
What is the chemical reaction for the Adenylate Kinase system ?
2 ADP ATP + AMP
enzyme: Adenylate Kinase
What is AMP?
Adenosine Monophosphate
What does AMP stimulate ?
Glycolysis
In Glycolysis, how many pyruvate molecules comes from glucose ?
Two
What is the rate-limiting enzyme of Glycolysis ?
Phosphofructokinase
What stimulates Phosphofructokinase?
AMP
ADP
Pi (inorganic phosphate)
What inhibits Phosphofructokinase ?
ATP
PCr
Citrate
Reduced ph
What does the Glycolysis system require ?
Glucose/glycogen
ATP
Enzymes
Effective elimination of waste products
What type of exercise is affected by the Glycolitic system ?
Short-term high intensity exercise
Anything fast and lasting 1-3 minutes
What catalyzes the conversion of pyruvic Acid to Lactic acid
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Name the first step of Glycolysis
Glucose > Glucose 6 phosphate
Compare aerobic and anaerobic capacities between type 2a and type 2b muscle fibre types
Type 2a: Higher aerobic capacity
Type 2b: Higher anaerobic capacity
