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DRG3007 Sono > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what forms from paired Müllerian ducts

A

fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper 1/3 vagina

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2
Q

what forms from sinovaginal bulbs

A

lower 2/3 vagina

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3
Q

what causes uterine malformations

A

failure to resorb, fuse and form properly

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4
Q

common uterine pathology

A

leiomyoma, adenomyosis

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5
Q

rare uterine pathology

A

leiomyosarcoma, lipoleiomyoma

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6
Q

leimyomas are __ dependent

A

estrogen

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7
Q

leimyomas composed of __ muscle cells & __ tissues

A

spindle shaped; fibrous connective

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8
Q

leimyomas clinical presentations

A

HAIL
- asymptomatic
- large palpable fibroid
- heavy menstrual bleeding
- infertility

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9
Q

leimyomas locations

A

intramural
submucosal
subaerosal
pedunculated
cervical

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10
Q

leimyomas management

A
  • hormonal therapy
  • uterine artery embolization
  • myomectomy
  • hysterectomy
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11
Q

what is adenomyosis

A

endometrial tissue lines uterus into myometrium; pooling of blood into muscle causes local inflammation & scar tissue causing hypertrophy & hyperplasia

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12
Q

adenomyosis clinical presentation

A
  • enlarged uterus
  • pelvic pain
  • heavy & painful mensus
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13
Q

endometirum hyperplasia clinical presentation

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

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14
Q

aetiology of endometirum hyperplasia

A
  • obesity
  • estrogen like medication
  • irregular menstrual periods
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
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15
Q

endometirum hyperplasia management

A

biopsy, hysterectomy (w/ atypia), progestin therapy (w/o atypia)

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16
Q

endometrium carcinoma most common among

A

postmenopausal women

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17
Q

endometrium carcinoma strongly associated with

A
  • estrogen replacement therapy
  • anovulatory cycles
  • metabolic syndrome
  • endometrial hyperplasia
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18
Q

endometrium polyp are __

A

benign endometrial tissue growth that may have a stalk protruding into cervix / vagina

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19
Q

endometrium polyp clinical presentation

A
  • intermenstrual bleeding / menorrhagia
  • uterine bleeding
  • asymptomatic
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20
Q

IUCD can be visualized in __ US

A

transabdominal & transvaginal

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21
Q

US is used to visualize ___ of IUCD

A

positioning, perforation, removal

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22
Q

IUCD sonography feature

A

highly echogenic linear structure in endometrial cavity in body of uterus

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23
Q

hematometrocolpos

A

accumulation of retained menstrual blood

24
Q

hydrometrocolpos

A

accumulation of secretions in vagina & uterus

25
Q

common location of endometriosis

A

ovary, fallopian tube, broad ligament, retro-uterine recess

26
Q

endometriosis 2 forms

A

diffuse & localized

27
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of functional endometrial tissues outside uterus

28
Q

endometriosis clinical presentation

A
  • menstrual pain
  • abnormal mass & pain
  • infertility
  • urinary & rectal bleeding
29
Q

nabothian cyst sonography appearance

A

anechoic cystic structure with internal echoes (possible hemorrhage / infection)

30
Q

nabothian cyst are __

A

sequel to healing process of chronic cervitis / vaginal delivery / minor cervix trauma

31
Q

___ used to stage cervical carcinoma

A

MRI

32
Q

types of vaginal cysts

A

gartner duct, skeen gland, bartholin gland

33
Q

hemorrhagic cyst

A

when bleeding occurs in functional cyst; commonly in corpus luteal cyst

34
Q

hemorrhagic cyst clinical presentation

A

acute onset of pelvic pain

35
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

complex endocrinological disorder of abnormal estrogen & androgen production causing chronic anovulation

36
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome clinical presentation

A
  • oligomenorhea / amenorrhea
  • hirsutism
  • obesity
  • enlarged polycystic ovaries
37
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome management

A

ovulation induction, laparoscopic surgery

38
Q

risk factors of ovarian neoplasms

A

age, nulliparity, family history, personal history of breast, endometrial, colon ca

39
Q

cystic teratoma

A

benign, may contain teeth, hair, bone, skin

40
Q

cystic teratoma sono features

A

dermoid plug, dermoid mesh, tip of iceberg sign, fat fluid level

41
Q

Pouch of douglas / rectouterine recess

A

most posterior & inferior reflection of peritoneal cavity between rectum & vagina

42
Q

fluid collection in pouch of douglas likely due to __

A

follicular rupture / retrograde menstruation

43
Q

pathological fluid collection in pouch of douglas likely due to __

A

ascites, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst, pus

44
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease caused by __

A

usually STDs but can be due to inflamed appendix, diverticulitis, other pelvic inflammatory conditions

45
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease clinical presentations

A

pelvic pain, purulent vaginal discharge, fever, elevated inflammatory markers, pungent smell

46
Q

hydrosalpinx sonography appearance

A

multiocular cystic mass with many septa creating interconnected compartments and fluid filled structures

47
Q

POD pathological fluid collection comes from

A

ascites, blood from ruptured ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst, pus infection

48
Q

POD fluid collection comes from

A

follicular rupture, retrograde menstruation

49
Q

what does dermoid plug consist of

A

hair, teeth or fat

50
Q

what does dermoid mesh consist of

A

small hairs floating in cystic fluid

51
Q

what does tip of iceberg sign consist of

A

matted hair & sebum casting echogenic shadow

52
Q

what does fat fluid level consist of

A

serous fluid & sebum

53
Q

serous cystadenoma signs

A

uniocular & thin septa

54
Q

Serous cystadenomacarcinoma signs

A

ascites, multiocular, thick septa

55
Q

mucinous cystadenoma signs

A

cystic masses fill entire pelvis/abdomen commonly among 30-60s

56
Q

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma signs

A

multiocular commonly among 40-70s

57
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome diagnosis confirmed using __

A

o Biochemical test = abnormal LH:FSH ratio & testosterones
o Symptoms = <8 cycles per year or cycles more than 35 days
o Ovarian volume > 10 cm^3 / > 20 follicles

DRG3007 Sono (11 decks)

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