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DRG3007 Sono > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what forms from paired Müllerian ducts

A

fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper 1/3 vagina

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2
Q

what forms from sinovaginal bulbs

A

lower 2/3 vagina

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3
Q

what causes uterine malformations

A

failure to resorb, fuse and form properly

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4
Q

common uterine pathology

A

leiomyoma, adenomyosis

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5
Q

rare uterine pathology

A

leiomyosarcoma, lipoleiomyoma

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6
Q

leimyomas are __ dependent

A

estrogen

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7
Q

leimyomas composed of __ muscle cells & __ tissues

A

spindle shaped; fibrous connective

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8
Q

leimyomas clinical presentations

A

HAIL
- asymptomatic
- large palpable fibroid
- heavy menstrual bleeding
- infertility

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9
Q

leimyomas locations

A

intramural
submucosal
subaerosal
pedunculated
cervical

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10
Q

leimyomas management

A
  • hormonal therapy
  • uterine artery embolization
  • myomectomy
  • hysterectomy
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11
Q

what is adenomyosis

A

endometrial tissue lines uterus into myometrium; pooling of blood into muscle causes local inflammation & scar tissue causing hypertrophy & hyperplasia

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12
Q

adenomyosis clinical presentation

A
  • enlarged uterus
  • pelvic pain
  • heavy & painful mensus
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13
Q

endometirum hyperplasia clinical presentation

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

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14
Q

aetiology of endometirum hyperplasia

A
  • obesity
  • estrogen like medication
  • irregular menstrual periods
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
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15
Q

endometirum hyperplasia management

A

biopsy, hysterectomy (w/ atypia), progestin therapy (w/o atypia)

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16
Q

endometrium carcinoma most common among

A

postmenopausal women

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17
Q

endometrium carcinoma strongly associated with

A
  • estrogen replacement therapy
  • anovulatory cycles
  • metabolic syndrome
  • endometrial hyperplasia
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18
Q

endometrium polyp are __

A

benign endometrial tissue growth that may have a stalk protruding into cervix / vagina

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19
Q

endometrium polyp clinical presentation

A
  • intermenstrual bleeding / menorrhagia
  • uterine bleeding
  • asymptomatic
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20
Q

IUCD can be visualized in __ US

A

transabdominal & transvaginal

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21
Q

US is used to visualize ___ of IUCD

A

positioning, perforation, removal

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22
Q

IUCD sonography feature

A

highly echogenic linear structure in endometrial cavity in body of uterus

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23
Q

hematometrocolpos

A

accumulation of retained menstrual blood

24
Q

hydrometrocolpos

A

accumulation of secretions in vagina & uterus

25
common location of endometriosis
ovary, fallopian tube, broad ligament, retro-uterine recess
26
endometriosis 2 forms
diffuse & localized
27
endometriosis
presence of functional endometrial tissues outside uterus
28
endometriosis clinical presentation
- menstrual pain - abnormal mass & pain - infertility - urinary & rectal bleeding
29
nabothian cyst sonography appearance
anechoic cystic structure with internal echoes (possible hemorrhage / infection)
30
nabothian cyst are __
sequel to healing process of chronic cervitis / vaginal delivery / minor cervix trauma
31
___ used to stage cervical carcinoma
MRI
32
types of vaginal cysts
gartner duct, skeen gland, bartholin gland
33
hemorrhagic cyst
when bleeding occurs in functional cyst; commonly in corpus luteal cyst
34
hemorrhagic cyst clinical presentation
acute onset of pelvic pain
35
polycystic ovarian syndrome
complex endocrinological disorder of abnormal estrogen & androgen production causing chronic anovulation
36
polycystic ovarian syndrome clinical presentation
- oligomenorhea / amenorrhea - hirsutism - obesity - enlarged polycystic ovaries
37
polycystic ovarian syndrome management
ovulation induction, laparoscopic surgery
38
risk factors of ovarian neoplasms
age, nulliparity, family history, personal history of breast, endometrial, colon ca
39
cystic teratoma
benign, may contain teeth, hair, bone, skin
40
cystic teratoma sono features
dermoid plug, dermoid mesh, tip of iceberg sign, fat fluid level
41
Pouch of douglas / rectouterine recess
most posterior & inferior reflection of peritoneal cavity between rectum & vagina
42
fluid collection in pouch of douglas likely due to __
follicular rupture / retrograde menstruation
43
pathological fluid collection in pouch of douglas likely due to __
ascites, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst, pus
44
pelvic inflammatory disease caused by __
usually STDs but can be due to inflamed appendix, diverticulitis, other pelvic inflammatory conditions
45
pelvic inflammatory disease clinical presentations
pelvic pain, purulent vaginal discharge, fever, elevated inflammatory markers, pungent smell
46
hydrosalpinx sonography appearance
multiocular cystic mass with many septa creating interconnected compartments and fluid filled structures
47
POD pathological fluid collection comes from
ascites, blood from ruptured ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst, pus infection
48
POD fluid collection comes from
follicular rupture, retrograde menstruation
49
what does dermoid plug consist of
hair, teeth or fat
50
what does dermoid mesh consist of
small hairs floating in cystic fluid
51
what does tip of iceberg sign consist of
matted hair & sebum casting echogenic shadow
52
what does fat fluid level consist of
serous fluid & sebum
53
serous cystadenoma signs
uniocular & thin septa
54
Serous cystadenomacarcinoma signs
ascites, multiocular, thick septa
55
mucinous cystadenoma signs
cystic masses fill entire pelvis/abdomen commonly among 30-60s
56
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma signs
multiocular commonly among 40-70s
57
polycystic ovarian syndrome diagnosis confirmed using __
o Biochemical test = abnormal LH:FSH ratio & testosterones o Symptoms = <8 cycles per year or cycles more than 35 days o Ovarian volume > 10 cm^3 / > 20 follicles

DRG3007 Sono (11 decks)

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