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DRG3007 Sono > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

where is uterus located

A

posterior to bladder, anterior to rectum

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2
Q

uterus connects distally to __ & laterally to __

A

vagina; uterine tubes

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3
Q

verted

A

angle between vagina & cervix

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4
Q

flexed

A

angle between cervix & uterus

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5
Q

ante

A

towards pubic bone / front

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6
Q

retro

A

towards sacrum / back

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7
Q

most common uterine position

A

anteverted

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8
Q

uterus walls

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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9
Q

which layer secretes fluids to reduce friction

A

perimetrium

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10
Q

which layer expands during pregnancy & contracts during labour

A

myometrium

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11
Q

which layer contains arteries to supply potential fetus

A

basal layer of endometrium

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12
Q

which layer thickens & sheds during mensus

A

functional layer of endometrium

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13
Q

ovary position varies due to __

A

laxity of ligamentous attachment

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14
Q

ovaries are located medial to __ & anterior to __

A

external iliac vessels; internal iliac vessels

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15
Q

3 phases of menstrual cycle

A

menstrual > proliferative > secretory

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16
Q

average range of menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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17
Q

menstrual phase lasts __

A

5 days / 2 - 7 days

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18
Q

menstrual phase occurs when __

A

progesterone, FSH, LH are low

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19
Q

proliferative phase occurs due to

A

rising estrogen levels which stimulate endometrium rebuilding

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20
Q

After 9 days in proliferative phase, what occurs

A

1 healthy secondary follicle becomes dominant whereas the rest become atretic

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21
Q

what happens at Day 14 of menstrual cycle

A

high levels of estrogen increase FSH & LH levels

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22
Q

spike in __ causes ovulation

A

LH

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23
Q

after ovulation, granulosa cells of collapsed follicle forms ___

A

progesterone producing corpus luteum

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24
Q

presence of progesterone producing corpus luteum marks beginning of __

A

luteal phase of ovarian cycle & secretory phase of endometrium

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25
Q

progesterone facilitates growth of __

A

endometrium lining, spiral arteries

26
Q

spiral arteries develop to __

A

supply blood to thickened functional layer for implantation

27
Q

progesterone inhibits release of __

A

FSH & LH to prevent further eggs & follicles from developing

28
Q

if no fertilization, corpus luteum degrades into __

A

corpus albicans

29
Q

during secretory phase, which hormones drop

A

estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandins

30
Q

function of prostaglandins during secretory phase

A

constricts spiral arteries = decreasing arterial supply to functional layer

31
Q

progesterone decrease stimulates hypothalamus to __

A

secrete GnRH to anterior pituitary and release FSH & LH to restart cycle

32
Q

US imaging techniques

A

transabdominal, transvaginal, transrectal

33
Q

transabdominal US advantages

A

for females who are virgins / virgo intacta or declined transvaginal scan

global overview of uterus, ovaries & surrounding structures

34
Q

transabdominal US allows for visualization of __

A

global overview of uterus, ovaries & surrounding structures

35
Q

transabdominal US limitations

A
  • limited resolution
  • pxt status = high bmi, retroverted uterus, discomfort holding bladder
36
Q

transvaginal US advantages

A
  • retroverted uterus
  • no need full bladder
  • better imaging of uterine & adnexa mass
37
Q

transvaginal US disadvantages

A

limited depth & FOV
uncomfortable for anxious / vaginal spasm / post menopausal women

38
Q

transrectal US advantages

A
  • retroverted uterus
  • no need full bladder
  • better imaging of uterine & adnexa mass
  • used when TV scan contra-indicated
39
Q

TV scan contraindications

A
  • virgo intacta
  • agenesis of vagina
  • fear of infections
  • pediatrics / unable to consent
  • vaginal obstruction
40
Q

transrectal US disadvantages

A
  • limited depth & FOV
  • uncomfortable due to unorthodox method
41
Q

TV scans are used to visualize __

A

uterus abnormalities
endometrium lining
ovaries
adnexa region

42
Q

patient prep for transabdominal scan

A
  • drink 800 - 1000 ml of water 1 hr before scan
  • scan done when patient has strong urge to piss in supine position
  • expose SP to umbilical for scan
43
Q

why must bladder be full during transabdominal scan

A
  • acoustic window
  • displaces bowel loops
  • decrease anteversion for better scanning
44
Q

transabdominal scan probe

A

curvilinear probe

45
Q

transabdominal scan must scan __

A
  • uterus size
  • endometrium thickness
  • ovaries
  • adnexa region
  • pouch of douglas
  • abnormalities
46
Q

patient prep for transvaginal scan

A

empty bladder as full bladder can cause artifacts & discomfort

47
Q

equipment for transvaginal scan

A
  • high frequency endovaginal probe (3-10MHz)
  • condoms
  • lubricating gel
48
Q

how many condoms must probe be layered by

A

2 condoms

49
Q

probe prep for TV scan

A
  1. apply gel to probe surface
  2. first condom
  3. apply gel on condom
  4. second condom
  5. apply gel on condom
50
Q

patient position for TV scan

A
  • patient supine with knees flexed and legs apart
  • lower legs for better probe movement
  • sponge below butt to elevate pelvis
51
Q

what forms majority of uterine wall

A

uterus myometrium

52
Q

how does endometrium appear during early proliferative phase

A

mildly hyperechoic & gradual thickening

53
Q

how does endometrium appear during proliferative phase

A

striated pattern with inner hypoechoic layer surrounded by more hyperechoic peripheral layer
- functional layer = hypoechoic
- basalis layer = peripheral echogenic

54
Q

follicles appear __ in US

A

ellipsoidal, homogenous thin wall anechoic structures

55
Q

cervix is located __

A

between uterus & vagina

56
Q

nabothian cysts are formed by __

A

retention of mucus within endocervical glands
- common among parous women

57
Q

vagina is located between __

A

cervix & vagina introitus

58
Q

longest uterine length

A

8 - 9 cm at reproductive stage

59
Q

which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 2:1

A

neonatal, pubertal, reproductive

60
Q

which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 1.5 - 2:1

A

pubertal

61
Q

which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 1-1.5:1

A

prepubertal, postmenopausal

DRG3007 Sono (11 decks)

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