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DRG3007 Sono > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

where is uterus located

A

posterior to bladder, anterior to rectum

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2
Q

uterus connects distally to __ & laterally to __

A

vagina; uterine tubes

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3
Q

verted

A

angle between vagina & cervix

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4
Q

flexed

A

angle between cervix & uterus

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5
Q

ante

A

towards pubic bone / front

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6
Q

retro

A

towards sacrum / back

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7
Q

most common uterine position

A

anteverted

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8
Q

uterus walls

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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9
Q

which layer secretes fluids to reduce friction

A

perimetrium

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10
Q

which layer expands during pregnancy & contracts during labour

A

myometrium

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11
Q

which layer contains arteries to supply potential fetus

A

basal layer of endometrium

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12
Q

which layer thickens & sheds during mensus

A

functional layer of endometrium

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13
Q

ovary position varies due to __

A

laxity of ligamentous attachment

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14
Q

ovaries are located medial to __ & anterior to __

A

external iliac vessels; internal iliac vessels

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15
Q

3 phases of menstrual cycle

A

menstrual > proliferative > secretory

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16
Q

average range of menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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17
Q

menstrual phase lasts __

A

5 days / 2 - 7 days

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18
Q

menstrual phase occurs when __

A

progesterone, FSH, LH are low

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19
Q

proliferative phase occurs due to

A

rising estrogen levels which stimulate endometrium rebuilding

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20
Q

After 9 days in proliferative phase, what occurs

A

1 healthy secondary follicle becomes dominant whereas the rest become atretic

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21
Q

what happens at Day 14 of menstrual cycle

A

high levels of estrogen increase FSH & LH levels

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22
Q

spike in __ causes ovulation

A

LH

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23
Q

after ovulation, granulosa cells of collapsed follicle forms ___

A

progesterone producing corpus luteum

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24
Q

presence of progesterone producing corpus luteum marks beginning of __

A

luteal phase of ovarian cycle & secretory phase of endometrium

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25
progesterone facilitates growth of __
endometrium lining, spiral arteries
26
spiral arteries develop to __
supply blood to thickened functional layer for implantation
27
progesterone inhibits release of __
FSH & LH to prevent further eggs & follicles from developing
28
if no fertilization, corpus luteum degrades into __
corpus albicans
29
during secretory phase, which hormones drop
estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandins
30
function of prostaglandins during secretory phase
constricts spiral arteries = decreasing arterial supply to functional layer
31
progesterone decrease stimulates hypothalamus to __
secrete GnRH to anterior pituitary and release FSH & LH to restart cycle
32
US imaging techniques
transabdominal, transvaginal, transrectal
33
transabdominal US advantages
for females who are virgins / virgo intacta or declined transvaginal scan global overview of uterus, ovaries & surrounding structures
34
transabdominal US allows for visualization of __
global overview of uterus, ovaries & surrounding structures
35
transabdominal US limitations
- limited resolution - pxt status = high bmi, retroverted uterus, discomfort holding bladder
36
transvaginal US advantages
- retroverted uterus - no need full bladder - better imaging of uterine & adnexa mass
37
transvaginal US disadvantages
limited depth & FOV uncomfortable for anxious / vaginal spasm / post menopausal women
38
transrectal US advantages
- retroverted uterus - no need full bladder - better imaging of uterine & adnexa mass - used when TV scan contra-indicated
39
TV scan contraindications
- virgo intacta - agenesis of vagina - fear of infections - pediatrics / unable to consent - vaginal obstruction
40
transrectal US disadvantages
- limited depth & FOV - uncomfortable due to unorthodox method
41
TV scans are used to visualize __
uterus abnormalities endometrium lining ovaries adnexa region
42
patient prep for transabdominal scan
- drink 800 - 1000 ml of water 1 hr before scan - scan done when patient has strong urge to piss in supine position - expose SP to umbilical for scan
43
why must bladder be full during transabdominal scan
- acoustic window - displaces bowel loops - decrease anteversion for better scanning
44
transabdominal scan probe
curvilinear probe
45
transabdominal scan must scan __
- uterus size - endometrium thickness - ovaries - adnexa region - pouch of douglas - abnormalities
46
patient prep for transvaginal scan
empty bladder as full bladder can cause artifacts & discomfort
47
equipment for transvaginal scan
- high frequency endovaginal probe (3-10MHz) - condoms - lubricating gel
48
how many condoms must probe be layered by
2 condoms
49
probe prep for TV scan
1. apply gel to probe surface 2. first condom 3. apply gel on condom 4. second condom 5. apply gel on condom
50
patient position for TV scan
- patient supine with knees flexed and legs apart - lower legs for better probe movement - sponge below butt to elevate pelvis
51
what forms majority of uterine wall
uterus myometrium
52
how does endometrium appear during early proliferative phase
mildly hyperechoic & gradual thickening
53
how does endometrium appear during proliferative phase
striated pattern with inner hypoechoic layer surrounded by more hyperechoic peripheral layer - functional layer = hypoechoic - basalis layer = peripheral echogenic
54
follicles appear __ in US
ellipsoidal, homogenous thin wall anechoic structures
55
cervix is located __
between uterus & vagina
56
nabothian cysts are formed by __
retention of mucus within endocervical glands - common among parous women
57
vagina is located between __
cervix & vagina introitus
58
longest uterine length
8 - 9 cm at reproductive stage
59
which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 2:1
neonatal, pubertal, reproductive
60
which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 1.5 - 2:1
pubertal
61
which stages where uterine body:cervix ratio is 1-1.5:1
prepubertal, postmenopausal

DRG3007 Sono (11 decks)

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