Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DRG3007 Sono > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

kidneys located in __

A

retroperitoneal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

renal parenchyma function

A

filters blood & makes urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

renal pelvis function

A

moves urine to ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

patient prep for kidney US

A

Fasting not needed

500 – 600 ml of water 1 – 2 hours prior to scan

Not to empty bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scanning approach to kidney US

A

anterior, posterior, coronal, intercostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does kidney appear compared to liver

A

slightly hypoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

patient scanning approach for US pancreas

A

Patient supine

Firm pressure to displace overlying bowels

RPO may help to move bowel out of the way

Water loading may be used to fill stomach & make acoustic window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

patient scanning approach for US spleen

A

Start with patient supine

Angle probe between ribs intercostal & posterolateral

If overlying bowel gas / lung base / rib shadows seen, slowly roll patient to improve visualization by placing sponge / roll towel under patient’s right side & opens rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes renal sinus to appear hyperechoic

A

adipose tissues, intrarenal vessels, renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of fetal lobulation

A
  • Seen mainly in adults
  • Incomplete fusion of developing renal lobules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of double collecting system

A

Renal sinus divided by hypertrophid column of bertin / focal cortical hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common ectopic site for kidneys

A

lying obliquely in ipsilateral iliac fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes of cross fused ectopia

A
  • Developing kidneys fuse while in pelvis
  • One kidney ascend carrying the other with it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of ectopic kidneys

A

Found outside of normal renal fossa due to birth defect / interrupted ascent during embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a common complication of acute pancreatitis

A

pancreatic pseudocysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carcinoma of pancreatic head / ampulla of vater associated with __

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carcinoma of body & tail associated with __

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acute pancreatitis raises ___ pancreatic enzymes

A

amylase & lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does acute pancreatitis appear on US image

A

enlarged parenchyma with hypoechoic changes

peripancreatic fluid present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what forms wall-off collections / pseudocysts in acute pancreatitis

A

digestive enzymes leaking out of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the normal shape of the spleen

A

half moon shape

22
Q

what is the normal size of kidneys

A

7 - 10mm

23
Q

how does medullary pyramids look compared to parenchyma in normal kidneys

A

hypoechoic

24
Q

how do horseshoe kidneys appear in US image

A

Kidneys connected at lower poles during renal development

Hard to see lower pole in US; connected above IVC and aorta

25
Q

what are the ectopic locations of kidneys

A

iliac, thoracic, crossed, pelvic

26
Q

how is renal parenchymal scarring seen on US image

A

Focal depression seen on cortex with focal parenchymal thinning

27
Q

how is nephrocalcinosis seen on US image

A

Medullary pyramids appear more echogenic than cortex

Posterior acoustic shadowing

28
Q

what is nephrocalcinosis

A

Ca2+ salt deposition in renal parenchyma

29
Q

what does calculi cause

A

hydronephrosis

30
Q

how does calculi appear in US image

A

Echogenic & Strong posterior shadowing

31
Q

how does hydronephrosis appear in US image

A

Enlarged anechoic fluid structure in renal pelvis with thinning renal cortex

32
Q

what is the follow-up action after diagnosing hydronephrosis

A

identify obstruction site such as stones and masses

33
Q

how does angiomyolipoma appear in US image

A

Echogenic mass without vascularity

34
Q

what does angiomyolipoma look similar to

A

liver hemangioma

35
Q

how does pyelonephritis appear in US image

A

Vascular & Hypoechoic mass

36
Q

how does renal cell carcinoma appear in US image

A

hypervascular heterogenous mass at renal parenchyma

37
Q

most common renal neoplasm

A

renal cell carcinoma

38
Q

what does transitional cell carcinoma grow into

A

renal pelvi calyceal system

39
Q

how does perinephric fluid appear in US image

A

Anechoic encapsulated fluid accumulation in perinephric space

40
Q

adrenal glands lie ___ to each kidney over ___

A

superior-medial; upper renal poles

41
Q

adrenal gland indications

A

Poorly controlled hypertension

Cushing’s syndrome
- Hypersecretion of adrenal hormones
- Usually obese
- Hyperplastic adrenal gland changes

42
Q

how does macroadenoma appear in US image

A

Enlarged echogenic adrenal gland

43
Q

what is the size & thickness needed for spleen to be considered enlarged

A

length > 13 cm
thickness > 6cm

44
Q

double-duct sign involves dilatation of __

A

intrahepatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct

45
Q

what are common indications of abdominal US

A
  • RUQ pain
  • Jaundice
  • Palpable mass
  • Fever of unknown origin
46
Q

GB grows __ per decade

A

1mm

47
Q

what is the normal size of GB

A

8 - 10 cm long
2 - 5 cm wide

48
Q

nephrocalcinosis mainly occurs at

A

medullary pyramids

49
Q

calculi mainly seen at

A

renal pelvis

50
Q

angiomyolipoma looks similar to __

A

liver hemangioma

51
Q

renal cell carcinoma mainly occurs at

A

parenchyma

52
Q

spleen normal measurements are

A

12 cm long, 5 cm wide

DRG3007 Sono (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions