week 6

Question 1

social role theory

Answer 1

Social role theory argues that mate preferences are based on cultural expectations. That is, in each culture, there are generally held expectations for ideal male and female mates. Such expectations, or social roles, are shaped by the values of a society, which in turn are shaped by various constraints

Question 2

injunctive norms

Answer 2

consensual expectations about what a group of people should do

Question 3

goldberg paradigm

Answer 3

men preferred over women for jobs rated as male sex-typed and vice versa +
perceivers weigh the female gender role more heavily when judging women leaders

Question 4

role congruity theory prediction:

Answer 4

The role-congruity perspective contends that greater perceived mismatch between leader prototypes and female gender stereotypes (i.e., role incongruity) is a precursor to more negative attitudes toward women in authority and prejudice toward female leaders

Question 5

role congruity theory of prejudice:

Answer 5

deficit in ascription of leadership ability to women

- even when conforming to leadership role, they are still worse evaluated on their leadership ability

Question 6

glass cliffs

Answer 6

female leaders are needed in times of crisis, which already makes them less likely to
succeed as leaders — failing to turn around the crisis is ascribed to women’s lack of leadership

Question 7

queen bees

Answer 7

“Queen bee” is a derogatory term applied to women who have achieved success in traditionally male-dominated fields

Question 8

glass ceiling + glass escalator

Answer 8

“The glass ceiling” asserts that there is a limit to how high women and minorities can be promoted. “The glass escalator” theory suggests that in female- or minority-predominant fields, white men are promoted more quickly and with greater ease

Question 9

leadership categorization theory

Answer 9

emphasizes the importance of followers’ perceptions of leaders,
suggesting that leadership perceptions are based largely on leadership prototypes

Question 10

social identity approach,

Answer 10

it is important for leader to be the prototypical ingroup member
- if women in glass ceiling position are more stressed, this is attributed to dispositional rather than
situational factors