week 2 Flashcards
self-categorization theory:
Self-categorization theory is a theory in social psychology that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms.
comparative fit
guides the degree of group differentiation
normative fit
differences btw groups align with perceiver’s beliefs about the group in that
context; influences the content of a group’s meaning
stereotype content model:
he Stereotype Content Model is a psychological and communication theory that suggests that group stereotypes consist of two dimensions: warmth and competence. Not all stereotypes and stereotype groups are the same.
continuum model (CM):
impression formation = composing a continuum from category-based
perception to attribute-based perception 1) automatic categorization 2) category reconfirmation
3) transformation
stereotpic inaccuracy
over-estimates the target groups’ stereotypicality or under-estimates its stereotype-inconsistent qualities
valence inaccuracy
exaggerates the negativity/positivity of the group’s stereotypes
dispersion inaccuracy
over- or under-generalizes the variability between group members
- ambivalent racism:
the distinction one makes between responsibility for a problem and
responsbility for finding a solution for that problem —> internally conflicting views.
rich but cold, or warm and disabled.
aversive racism
Aversive racism is a theory proposed by Samuel L. Gaertner & John F. Dovidio (1986), according to which negative evaluations of racial/ethnic minorities are realized by a persistent avoidance of interaction with other racial and ethnic groups.
Aversive racism is a form of contemporary racism that, in contrast to the traditional form, operates unconsciously in subtle and indirect ways
symbolic racism:
However, symbolic racism is more of a general term than it is one specifically related to prejudice towards black people.
a blend of anti-black sentiments and conservative values
- modern racism
The forms of prejudice we live with today have different names, one being modern racism. Modern racists neither express nor endorse racist views and stereotypes. They believe in greater integration between people. However, modern racists also believe racial equality has been achieved and that we need no further policies to promote equality. If racism has been neutralised, then it’s reasonable to maintain the status quo. For people who think in this way, racism is over and there’s nothing left to discuss. Modern racism reveals itself at opportune moments, is more oblique than confrontational, and often leads to a conflict in our own personal values.
In other words, racial prejudice has not disappeared, it has mutated. Today, racism manifests itself in numerous ways:
First, avoiding any meaningful contact with the minority group
Second, practising racial discrimination when the circumstances allow it
Third, rather than criticising a minority group, those with racist beliefs will attack a policy or action, and use that as an outlet for their attitudes
Fourth, making a distinction between groups in terms of their ‘values’
shifting standards model
perceivers evaluate people on stereotyped dimensions by
comparing them within the group; they set lower expectations but higher evaluation standards
benevolent sexism
Benevolent sexism is best thought of as a set of attitudes toward or beliefs about women that cat- egorize them as fair, innocent, caring, pure, and fragile. Rather than being overtly misogynistic, these attitudes are often characterized by a desire to protect and preserve women.
presprictive stereotypes
communicate expectations of what people of a gender should be like
