week 3

Question 1

• social cognitive model linked to salient life-defining behavioral choices:

Answer 1

1) the individual’s
expectations for success and 2) the importance or value the individual attaches to the various
options perceived by the individual as available

Question 2

subjective task value

Answer 2

• interest value: intrinsic interest in/enjoyment of the task
• attainment value: utility of the task in facilitating one’s long range goals or in helping the
  individual obtain immediate or long-term external rewards
• utility value: the value a task has because it fulfills a less personally central goal
• perceived cost: the cost for engaging in the activity

Question 3

diversity ideologies

Answer 3

organizational practices communicating diversity norms + employees’
own beliefs around how to approach group differences

Question 4

value-in-homogeneity:

Answer 4

differences between groups are suppressed in favor of an overarching
group membership

Question 5

minority spotlight effect

Answer 5

minority experiencing heightened self-awareness & discomfort,
excluded from national identity

Question 6

salient ideology:

Answer 6

gives the member of different groups signals about how comfortable they can
feel within a given environment
- when the majority group endorses multiculturalism, racial minorities tend to perceive less bia

Question 7

meritocracy:

Answer 7

ignore factors that shape and bias women’s performance at work . people with best talent gets choosen –> vererget prejudice

Question 8

identity safety

Answer 8

highlights the similarities between social groups, while acknowledging their
different experiences in social settings

Question 9

identity safety

Answer 9

highlights the similarities between social groups, while acknowledging their
different experiences in social settings

Question 10

social identity ltheory

Answer 10

relation between people’s striving for self-esteem via evaluatively
positive social identity and people’s beliefs about the nature of intergroup relations —> need for
positive intergroup distinctiveness
- —> subjective uncertainty reduction + enhancement of self-esteem
- social beliefs: attitudes and beliefs about the nature of the relation between groups
- superordinate level (human identity), intermediate level (social identity), subordinate level
(personal identity)

Question 11

identity threat (hot)

Answer 11

results when one’s ingroup is criticized

Question 12

identity threat (cold)

Answer 12

response to perception that intergroup boundaries are becoming blurred

Question 13

ethnocentrism

Answer 13

the more individuals value their own groups, the more they downgrade
outgroups

Question 14

contact hypothesis

Answer 14

intergroup contact might improve intergroup attitudes

Question 15

common ingroup identity model:

Answer 15

transformation from two separate groups (us + them) to one

inclusive superordinate group (we) —> contact reduces intergroup bias

Question 16

mutual intergroup differentiation model

Answer 16

The mutual intergroup differentiation model, proposed by Miles Hewstone and Rupert Brown, is an extension of the intergroup contact hypothesis, the proposition that contact between members of different groups will reduce intergroup prejudice.

Question 17

optimal distinctiveness theory:

Answer 17

It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations These two motives are in constant opposition with each other; when there is too much of one motive, the other must increase in order to counterbalance it and vice versa.

Question 18

subjective ethnolinguistic vitality:

Answer 18

“a group’s ability to maintain and protect its existence in time as a collective entity with a distinctive identity and language”