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BACT211 (LECTURE) > WEEK 5: STREPTOCOCCI > Flashcards

WEEK 5: STREPTOCOCCI Flashcards

1
Q
  • Complete lysis of RBC’s around colony
  • **Clear area **around colony
A

BETA

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1
Q
  • Partial lysis of RBC’s around colony
  • Greenish discoloration of area around colony
A

ALPHA

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2
Q
  • No lysis of RBC’s around colony
  • No change in agar
A

GAMMA

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3
Q

Small area of intact RBC around colony surrounded by a wider zone of complete hemolysis

A

ALPHA PRIME

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4
Q

i. Gram (+) cocci arranged in pairs or chains
ii. Facultative anaerobe but some are aerotolerant anaerobes
iii. Some are capnophilic
iv. Non-motile; (-) catalase, oxidase and gas production

A

Streptococci

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5
Q

Negative in Catalase test

A

Streptococci

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6
Q

test the ability of the organism to
breakdown of H2O2 into oxygen and water

A

Catalase Test

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7
Q

organisms that are positive in catalase test

A

Staphylococcus & Micrococcus

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8
Q

in catalase test, copious bubble form if the organism is?

A

Positive

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9
Q

No or few bubbles

A

Negative in Catalase test

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10
Q

What is being extracted in Lancefield Classification?

A

C Carbohydrate

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11
Q

Group A strep

A

S. pyogenes

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12
Q

Group B strep

A

S. agalactiae

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13
Q

Group C strep

A

S. dysgalactiae, S. equisimilis

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14
Q

Group D Non enterococcus

A

S. bovis group / S. gallolyticus

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15
Q

Group D Enterococcus

A

E. faecalis, E. faecium

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16
Q

Pneumococcus

A

S. pneumoniae

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17
Q

Which of the species under Streptococci group does not have a Lancefield Classification?

A

S. pneumoniae

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18
Q

Viridans strep (A, C, F, G, N)

A

S. anginosus, mutans, mitis

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19
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Group A strep? (S. pyogenes)

A

β (beta)

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20
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Group B strep? (S. agalactiae)

A

β (beta)

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21
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Group C strep? (S. dysaglactiae, S. equisimilis)

A

β (beta)

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22
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Group D Non enterococcus? (S. bovis group)

A

α,γ (alpha, gamma)

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23
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Group D Enterococcus? (E. faecalis, E. faecium)

A

α,β,γ (alpha, beta, gamma)

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24
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Pneumococcus? (S. pneumoniae)

A

α (alpha)

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25
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Viridans strep? (Anginosus, mutans, mitis)

A

β, α, γ (beta, alpha, gamma)

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26
Q
  • Grows at 37C
  • Mostly has β-hemolytic reactions
  • S. pyogenes, group C and G streptococci
A

Pyogenic group

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27
Q
  • Grows at 37C and 45C
  • indigenous microbiota in the URT
  • S. mutans, S. mitis and S. salivarius
A

Viridans group

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28
Q
  • Grows at 10C and 37C
  • found on dairy products
  • S. lactis
A

Lactic group

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29
Q
  • Grows at 10C, 37C and 45C
  • part of the indigenous microbiota of the human intestine
  • E. faecalis
A

Enterococcus group

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30
Q

 Attached to the peptidoglycan
 Antiphagocytic
 For adherence to mucosal cells
 Primary

A

M Protein

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31
Q

Mediates adherence to host epithelial cells

A

Protein F (Fibronectin-binding protein)

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32
Q

Mediates attachment to mucosal cells

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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33
Q

 Prevents opsonized phagocytosis
 Mask bacterial antigens

A

Hyaluronic acid Capsule

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33
Q

 Group of four enzymes with nuclease activity
 Degrade host DNA (DNase) and RNA

A

Streptodornase (DNases)

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34
Q

 Subsurface hemolysin (Oxygen labile)
 Toxic to RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets
 Induces antibody response - anti-streptolysin O

A

Streptolysin O

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34
Q

 Surface hemolysin (Oxygen stable)
 Lysis WBC’s and is non immunogenic

A

Streptolysin S

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34
Q

Causes lysis of fibrin clots

A

Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin)

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34
Q

Solubilizes hyaluronic acid in connective tissues

A

Hyaluronidase

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35
Q

Exotoxins are associated with Scarlet Fever and Streptococcal Toxic shock-like syndrome

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, C (SPE)

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35
Q

Spreading-factor enzyme

A

Hyaluronidase

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36
Q

 Suppurative fasciitis, hospital
gangrene, necrotizing erysipelas
 Invasive infection characterized by
inflammation and necrosis of skin,
subcutaneous fat and fascia

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

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37
Q

superficial and localized

A

Impetigo

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37
Q

involves deeper tissue invasion

A

Cellulitis

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38
Q

acute spreading erythematous lesion

A

Erysipelas

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39
Q

Two types of Post-Streptococcal Sequelae

A

Rheumatic Heart Fever and Acute glomerulonephrits (AGN)

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39
Q

diffuse red rashes (chest to extremities)

A

Scarlet Fever

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40
Q

Condition wherein organ system
shuts down leading to death

A

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

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40
Q

what organism causes these clinical Infections?

  1. Bacterial Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis
  2. Pyodermal Infections
  3. Necrotizing Fascitis
  4. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
  5. Post-Streptococcal Sequelae
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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41
Q

i. Virulence Factor
 Capsular material interferes with phagocytic activity and complement cascade activation
 normal flora usually found in vagina or GIT

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

41
Q

Deposition of ab-ag complexes in glomeruli

A

Acute glomerulonephrits (AGN)

41
Q

 Cross reactive antibodies against streptococcal antigens and human heart tissue
 Fever and inflammation of heart and blood vessels

A

Rheumatic Heart Fever

41
Q

 Transmission occurs vertically or during delivery (associated with obstetric complications)
 In newborn it causes pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis
 In adult, causes endometritis and wound infections

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

42
Q

 Small-colony forming β-hemolytic isolates
 Resembles S. pyogenes infections

A

S. anginosus group

42
Q

 Large-colony forming β-hemolytic isolates
 Resembles S. pyogenes infections

A

S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

42
Q

i. Virulence Factor
 Capsular polysaccharide
 Antigenic polysaccharide resulting to 80-100 serogroup
 Antiphagocytic

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

43
Q

ii. Associated Disease
1. Pneumonia (lobar and community acquired) – leads to edema of lungs and drowning in own fluids
2. Sinusitis, Otitis Media, Bacteremia, Meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

43
Q
  • Gram-positive diplococci (lancet or bullet shape)
  • Capnophilic
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

43
Q

Products produced by S. agalactiae

A
  • Hemolysin
  • DNases
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Protease
  • CAMP factor (Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson)
43
Q

leads to edema of lungs and drowning in own fluids

44
Q

 Polysaccharide capsule, extracellular dextran and cell surface-associated proteins (adhesins)
 Enhance attachment to host cell surfaces

A

Viridans Streptococci

44
Q
  1. Subacute bacterial endocarditis from patients with damaged heart valves.
  2. Bacteremia, septicemia and cavities
A

Viridans Streptococci

44
Q

In Neufeld- Quellung reaction, it’s positive if the capsule ______.

45
Q

What are the five groups under Viridans Streptococci

A
  • S. mitis
  • S. mutans
  • S. salivarius
  • S. bovis
  • S. anginosus
45
Q

i. Virulence Factor

 Extracellular surface protein, serine protease and gelatinase for adhesion
 Cytolysins and resistance to antimicrobial agents

A

Enterococcus

46
Q

ii. Associated Disease

  1. Nosocomial infection
  2. UTI (catheterization), bacteremia (hemodialysis, surgery), endocarditis (prosthetic heart valves)
A

Enterococcus

47
Q

Disease Associations: Pyogenic infections, endocarditis, dental caries

A

S. anginosus, S. mutans, S. mitis

47
Q

Disease Associations: Pharyngitis, Pyodermal infections, NF, STSS, PSS (Rheumatic fever, AGN)

A

S. pyogenes

47
Q

Disease Associations: Neonatal sepsis (pneumonia, meningitis) puerperal
fever, pyogenic infections

A

S. agalactiae

47
Q

Disease Associations: Pharyngitis, impetigo, pyogenic infections

A

S. dysgalactiae, S. equi

47
Q

Disease Associations: UTI, endocarditis, pyogenic infections, bacteremia

A

E. faecalis, E. faecium

47
Q

Selective medium for Beta-hemolytic
Streptococci

A

Blood Agar with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

47
Q

Nonhemolytic organism with lancefield
group N, often found in dairy products

A

Lactococci

48
Q

Disease Associations: Pneumonia, meningitis, pyogenic infections

A

S. pneumoniae

48
Q

Disease Associations: UTI, endocarditis, pyogenic infections,

A

S. bovis group

49
Q

Small, round, glistening, dome-shaped, mucoid colonies. Colonies tend umbilicated as they age; α hemolytic

A

Pneumococci

49
Q

Minute to small, gray, domed, smooth; α, β,γ hemolytic

49
Q

Grayish white (pinpoint), transparent to translucent, matte or glossy; large zone of β hemolysis

A

Group A (S. pyogenes)

49
Q

Small, cream or white, smooth; α, β,γ hemolytic

49
Q

Larger that Group A streptococci; translucent to opaque; flat glossy; narrow zone of β hemolysis

A

Group B (S. agalactiae)

50
Q

Test for susceptibility to 0.04U Bacitracin

A

Bacitracin Susceptibility test (Taxo A)

50
Q

Produce pus, mostly β-hemolytic

50
Q

Normal biota of the human intestine

A

Enterococci

50
Q

Found as normal biota in the upper
respiratory tract of humans

51
Q

Enriched isolation of Streptococci

A

Blood Agar

51
Q

In Taxo A test, what is the indication that the organism tested positive?

A

any zone of inhibition

51
Q

Causes pseudo catalase

A

E. faecalis and E. faecium

51
Q

What group tests positive in Taxo A test?

52
Q

Meaning of SXT?

A

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim

53
Q

Taxo A resistant and SXT resistant

54
Q

Taxo A susceptible and SXT Resistant

54
Q

Test for the synergistic hemolysis between group B Streptococcus
and β-hemolytic S. aureus.

A

CAMP Reaction

54
Q

What organisms test positive in SXT?

A

Group C and G

55
Q

What tests positive in CAMP reaction?

55
Q

In this test, it’s positive if ther is an enhanced hemolysis in arrowhead pattern and no Zone of enhanced
hemolysis in arrowhead pattern if it’s negative.

A

CAMP Reaction

55
Q

Taxo A resistant and SXT
susceptible

A

Group C, F, G

56
Q

is a diffusible, protein like compound produced by Group B

A

CAMP factor

56
Q
  • Test for the ability to hydrolyze hippuric acid (Sodium hippurate ) to benzoic acid and glycine
  • Glycine can be detected with Ninhydrin reagent
A

Hippurate Hydrolysis

56
Q

if positive in this test, after addition of color developer, it will turn into pink to cherry-red color within 5 minutes and no color change or an orange color if negative.

57
Q

In Hippurate Hydrolysis, what is the indication that it’s positive and what is the organism that tested positive?

A

Deep blue (purple) color, S. agalactiae (group B)

57
Q

Organisms that are positive in PYR test

A

Group A, Enterococcus

58
Q

Negative: No color change or development of slight yellow color
(Aerococcus and Leuconostoc)

58
Q

Detects for the ability of the bacteria to grow in the presence of 40% bile and hydrolyze esculin

A

Bile Esculin Hydrolysis

58
Q

Test for the ability of the organism to hydrolyze the substrate L-pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide

58
Q

Indication that the organism is positive for Salt Tolerance Test

A

Visible turbidity in broth and color change

58
Q

Used to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from other α-hemolytic streptococci
* Ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride

A

Optochin (Taxo P) Susceptibility

58
Q

What is the indication if the organism is positive for Bile Esculin Hydrolysis test?

A

Blackening of the agar

58
Q

In LAP test, the result is positive if after adding cinnamaldehyde, there is a development of what color within 1 minute?

58
Q

Test for the solubility to bile salt (2% sodium desoxycholate or sodium taurocholate)

A

Bile Solubility Test

58
Q

Is it negative or positive if in Bile Solubility test, the colony disintegrated?

58
Q

Identification of α Hemolytic
Streptococci

Optochin: R
Bile Esculin: +
6.5% Broth: -
PYR: -

A

Group D Non-Enterococcus

59
Q

Identification of α Hemolytic
Streptococci

Optochin: R
Bile Esculin: -
6.5% Broth: -
PYR: -

A

S. viridans

59
Q

Detects for the ability of the bacteria to hydrolyze Leucine-β-naphthylamide by enzyme leucine aminopeptidase to β-naphthylamide

59
Q

Identification of α Hemolytic
Streptococci

Optochin: S
Bile Esculin: -
6.5% Broth: -
PYR: -

A

S. pneumoniae

59
Q

Identification of β Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bacitracin: S
SXT: R
CAMP: -
Bile Esculin: -
6.5% NaCl: -
PYR: +

59
Q

Test the ability of the organism to grow in 6.5% NaCl

A

Salt Tolerance Test (6.5% NaCl)

60
Q

Identification of β Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bacitracin: R
SXT: S
CAMP: -
Bile Esculin: -
6.5% NaCl: -
PYR: -

A

Group C,F,G, Viridans

60
Q

Identification of β Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bacitracin: R
SXT: R
CAMP: +
Bile Esculin: -
6.5% NaCl: -
PYR: -

60
Q

Identification of α Hemolytic
Streptococci

Optochin: R
Bile Esculin: +
6.5% Broth: +
PYR: +

A

Group D Enterococcus

60
Q

Identification of β Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bacitracin: R
SXT: R
CAMP: -
Bile Esculin: +
6.5% NaCl: -
PYR: -

A

Group D Streptococcus

61
Q

Identification of β Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bacitracin: R
SXT: R
CAMP: -
Bile Esculin: +
6.5% NaCl: +
PYR: +

A

D Enterococcus

62
Q

Identification of γ Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bile Esculin: -
6.5% Salt Broth: -
PYR: -

63
Q

Identification of γ Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bile Esculin: +
6.5% Salt Broth: +
PYR: +

A

Group D Enterococcus

64
Q

Identification of γ Hemolytic
Streptococci

Bile Esculin: +
6.5% Salt Broth: -
PYR: -

A

Group D Non-enterococcus

BACT211 (LECTURE) (18 decks)

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