WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The study of organisms and agents too small to be seen clearly by an unaided eye

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

made the earliest microscopic observations between 1625 and 1630 on bees and weevils by the using a microscope probably supplied by Galileo.

A

Francesco Stelluti

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3
Q
  • (1632-1723)-Dutch
  • First to described and observe microorganisms accurately.
  • Observed these “animalcules” from rain water samples, his own feces and scrapings from his teeth.
  • First true microbiologist
A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q
  • Theory of development of some living forms from non-living matter.
  • A “vital force” forms life.
A

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

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5
Q
  • The theory of development of living forms from another living things.
A

BIOGENESIS

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6
Q
  • Animals could originate from soil.
  • Simpler invertebrates could arise from spontaneous generation
A

Aristotle

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7
Q
  • Demonstrate that maggots do not arise from decaying meat
  • Experiment
  • Jars of Meat with Fine Lace
A

Francisco Redi

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8
Q
  • Experiments on spontaneous
    generation.
  • Nutrient broth boiled without cover, then tightly stoppered the flasks
  • Organic matter contained “vital force”
A

John Needham

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9
Q
  • theorized that microorganisms from the air
    entered the solution: broth poured in sealed containers heated (-) for microorganisms;

Needham responded by claiming that “vital forces” for spontaneous generation was kept out by the seal.

A

Lazarro Spallanzani

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10
Q
  • Proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1858- a German scientist challenged spontaneous generation with the concept of Biogenesis i.e. living cells arise from pre-existing living cells
  • The theory of development of living forms from another living things.
A

Biogenesis

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11
Q

Who proposed BIOGENESIS?

A

Rudolf Virchow

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12
Q
  • He observed that no growth occurred in a flask that contained nutrient solution after allowing the air to pass through the heated tube.
  • Stated that yeast cells are responsible for the conversion of sugar to alcohol.
A

Theodor Schwann

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13
Q
  • Firmly Disprove the spontaneous generation doctrine (1861) and resolved all arguments.
  • Demonstrated through experimentation that
    microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions BUT that air itself does not create microbes. These findings became the basis of ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES.
A

Louis Pasteur

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14
Q

He is also known as the Father of Bacteriology.

A

Louis Pasteur

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15
Q

Process which prevented wine from turning sour.

Wine was heated at a
temperature which will kill
microorganisms responsible for the sour taste

A

FERMENTATION

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16
Q

Responsible for fermentation

A

YEAST

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17
Q

Process which involved milk

A

PASTEURIZATION

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18
Q
  • He showed that dusts carry germs that could contaminate a sterile broth
  • Proposed the use of moist heat for 3 consecutive days to eradicate vegetative cells and endospores now known as Tyndallization.
A

John Tyndall

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19
Q

British physician, found away to protect people from smallpox. The process was called vaccination. The term was given by Pasteur to honor his work.

A

Edward Jenner

20
Q

Demonstrated that routine hand washing can prevent
the spread of disease

A

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

21
Q

use phenol as antiseptic on wound infection; Father
of Antiseptic Surgery.

A

JOSEPH LISTER

22
Q
  • Formulated a criteria that provided proof that a specific organism can cause a disease (1876).
  • First to show proof that bacteria actually causes disease (isolation of Bacillus anthracis cultures in infected and inoculated cows)
A

Robert Koch

23
Q

In 1882, Koch isolated ______________ tuberculosis a.k.a Koch’s bacilli

A

MYCOBACTERIUM

24
Q

constructed a porcelain bacterial
filter. The first viral pathogen to be
studied was the tobacco mosaic
disease virus.

A

Charles Chamberland

25
Suggested use of agar as a solidifying agent in culture media.
Walther Hesse & Fannie Eilshemius
26
developed the petri dish (plate)-made possible isolation of pure cultures, and directly stimulated progress in all areas of bacteriology.
Julius Richard Petri
27
developed the enrichment-culture technique and the use of selective media
Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky
28
* Identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus * Rickettsia prowazekii
Charles Jules Henry Nicolle
29
* Search for substances that can destroy pathogenic organisms - “magic bullet” * 1910 – develops chemotherapeutic agent Salvarsan (arsphenamine) (arsenic derivative) to combat syphilis.
Paul Ehrlich
30
discovery of the first commercially available antibiotic Sulfonamidochrysiodine (marketed under the brand name Prontosil) effective against bacterial infections.
Gerhard Domagk
31
Who discovered Penicillin?
Alexander Flemming
32
* Discovered Streptomycin which is the first Antibiotic against TB. * Derived from Streptomyces.
Selman Waksman
33
What is the study of algae?
PHYCOLOGY
34
simple aquatic organisms ranging from single cell forms to large sea weeds
Algae
35
simplest, single celled prokaryotic organisms
Bacteria
36
discovered a bacteria large enough (0.2mm) to be seen with the naked eye. It was named Thiomargarita namibiensis
HEIDE SCHULZ
37
an iron-oxide consuming bacteria named ___________ __________ was discovered on a rusticle from the RMS Titanic
Halomonas titanicae
38
Fundamental principles and techniques involved in the study of pathogenic organisms as well as their application in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY
39
- Study of fungi - includes medical, agricultural and ecological branches; rising rates of infections (10% hospital-acquired infections); climatic and environmental changes (global warming) has been accounted for the rise in some fungal infections.
MYCOLOGY
40
microscopic eukaryotic forms (molds and yeast)
FUNGI
41
study of mostly single celled, eukaryotic microbes. Ex. Entamoeba histolytica; Trichomonas vaginalis
PROTOZOOLOGY
42
Study of Viruses
VIROLOGY
43
study of viruses.
VIROLOGY
44
* Study of parasitism and parasites * Parasites includes protozoa and helminths.
PARASITOLOGY
45