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BACT211 (LECTURE) > WEEK 16: OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR ORGANISMS > Flashcards

WEEK 16: OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR ORGANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

Noninfectious

A

Reticulate body (RB)

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2
Q
  • Infectious
  • Major outer membrane protein (MOMP)
  • Detected by monoclonal antibodies
A

Elementary body (EB)

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3
Q
  • Urethritis with purulent discharge
  • Cervicitis, salpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tubes)
  • Eye infections: conjunctivitis and scarring of the eye (mechanical deforming of eyelashes)
  • Neonatal: eye infections and pneumonia
A

trachoma biovar

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4
Q

Three biovars

A

Trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum, mouse pneumonitis

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5
Q

Obligate intracellular pathogenic bacteria

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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6
Q
  • C. trachomatis serovars L1, L2, L2a, L2b, and L3
  • LGV
  • Also linked to Parinaud oculogladular conjunctivitis
  • Survive in mononuclear cells
  • Bubo formation then can rupture lymph node
  • Uncommon in the United States
  • Tropics and subtropical areas abroad
A

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

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7
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, and mucocutaneous lesions

A

Reiter syndrome

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8
Q

Incubation period of Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates.

A

4-5 days

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9
Q
  • Formerly Chlamydia sp., strain TWAR
  • 10% of world’s pneumonia
  • Diseases
  • Acute respiratory disease
  • Pneumonia
  • Pharyngitis and otitis media
  • Risk factor for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
  • Also possible relationships
  • Sarcoidosis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease
A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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10
Q

Third most common cause of infectious respiratory disease

A

C. pneumoniae

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11
Q
  • Bird chlamydia
  • Parakeets, turkey, other psittacine birds
  • Parrot fever or psittacosis
  • Causes pneumonia in humans
  • Usually mild chronic pneumonia
  • Can culture
  • Not recommended
  • Serology
  • Current method of choice
A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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12
Q
  • Obligate intracellular bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacilli (0.8-2.0 μm by 0.3-0.5 μm)
  • Grow in cell lines
  • Most are arthropod-borne
  • Transmission
  • Transovarial transmission in ticks
  • Infection through feeding

*Exception
* R. prowazekii
* Humans are reservoir
* Transmitted by body lice

A

Rickettsiae

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13
Q

Reservoirs include ticks and dogs

A

Mediterranean spotted fever

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14
Q
  • Rash involves the palms and soles of the feet and the body and face
  • Taches noires
  • Black spots at primary site of infection
A

Boutonneuse Fever

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15
Q

Primarily in Africa and Central and South America
* Also known as Brill-Zinsser disease
* R. prowazekii

A

Epidemic louse-borne typhus

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15
Q

Also known as murine typhus
* R. typhi

A

Endemic typhus

16
Q
  • Vector
  • Oriental rat flea: Xenopsylla cheopis
  • Cat flea: Ctenocephalides felis
  • Reservoir
  • Rat and transovarian transmission
  • Infection
  • Occurs when flea defecates on skin
  • Scratching infects the bite.
  • Symptoms
  • Fever, headache, and rash
A

Murine Typhus

17
Q

Human louse

A

Pediculus humanus

18
Q

Orchopeas howardii

A

Squirrel flea

19
Q

Neohaematopinus sciuriopteri

A

Squirrel louse

20
Q
  • Reservoir is the common house mouse
  • Vector is the mouse mite Liponyssoides sanguineus
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Papule forms at bite and progresses to a pustule
  • Pustule becomes an indurated eschar
  • Other symptoms
  • Headache, nausea, and chills
  • Rash on face, trunk, and extremities but not palms or soles

R. akari

A

Rickettsialapox

21
Q
  • Causative agent is Orientia tsutsugamushi
  • Vector
  • Chigger: Leptotrombidium deliensis
  • Transovarial transmission between chiggers
  • Reservoir
  • Rat
  • Symptoms
  • Tache noire at the site of inoculation
  • Fever, headache, and rash that does not involve the palms, the soles of the
    feet, or the face
A

Scrub Typhus

22
Q

Dogs infected with brown dog ticks died.
* Rickettsial-like inclusions in the monocytes

A

Ehrlichia

23
Q
  • Many are asymptomatic.
  • Fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia but may have nausea, vomiting,
    diarrhea, cough, joint pains, confusion, and occasionally rash
A

Human ehrlichiosis

24
Q

Trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum, mouse pneumonitis

A

Three biovars

25
Q
  • Urethritis with purulent discharge
  • Cervicitis, salpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tubes)
  • Eye infections: conjunctivitis and scarring of the eye (mechanical
    deforming of eyelashes)
  • Neonatal: eye infections and pneumonia
A

Symptoms of trachoma biovar

26
Q
  • Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)
  • E. ewingii produces indistinguishable disease
  • Natural hosts:
  • Dogs, deer, and humans
  • Primary vector:
  • Lone star tick: A. americanum
A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

27
Q

*Anaplasma phagocytophilum

  • Incubation period 5 to 11 days with similar symptoms to HME
  • Endemic to upper Midwest and Northeast United States
  • Rarely have a rash
  • Morulae in granulocytes

Reservoirs:
* Deer, rodents, horses, cattle, and humans

Vectors:
* Ixodes scapularis
* Ixodes pacificus

A

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

28
Q
  • Causative agent of Q fever (Query fever)
  • Potential bioterror agent
A

Coxiella burnetii

29
Q

Reservoirs:
* Cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, deer, fowl, and humans
* Exposure in vet or animal handlers
* Inhalation of dried birthing fluids or ingestion of unpasteurized milk

Symptoms:
* Only half of infections are symptomatic.
* Acute influenza-like illness
* Prolonged fever, headaches, cough, myalgia, and arthralgia

A

Coxiella

30
Q

Laboratory diagnosis:

  • DFA of infected tissue
  • Nucleic acid amplification testing
  • Highly contagious, so culture only in biosafety level 3 (BSL3)
  • EIA kits
A

Coxiella

BACT211 (LECTURE) (18 decks)

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