Week 5 - school and work Flashcards
Do schools serve as social institutions that directly impact adolsecents?
YES
Schools atmospheres do not vary . true or false?
False –> can be big/small , lenient/strict, etc…
Why did “comprehensive” schooling come into play during the 20th century?
- climbing enrolments
- more diverse student body
What were the critics to “comprehensive schooling”?
based on
- wealth
- status of students’ parents
What are the benefits to larger schools?
- highly trained teachers
- more resources
What are the benefits to smaller schools?
- more personalized experiences
- less feelings of alienation
- greater attachment to school and their teachers
- more enthusiastic
-safer
-better attendance - higher averages
What is the best size high schools to have in regards to the number of students?
400-900 students
What matters most about school systems?
the CLIMATE that is created!!
- supportive, foster development, and be accessible
What school transitions are there in adolescence?
- going from elementary —> middle school —> high school
- creates a lot of stress
What is one downside to the transition of schools and development process of adolescence?
new school environment is clashing with changing social and cognitive abilities of young adolescents
- trying to learn how to reason, consider alternatives, and experience autonomy but school is enforcing RULES and CONTROL
Is it known for grades to go down the first year you transition to a new school?
YES!!
Entering high school can have what kind of impact on adolescent?
- evaluate envrnmnt more negatively
- weaker sense of belonging
- perceive less teacher and peer support
- lower self-esteem
What is the difference between mastery and performance orientation?
mastery orientation:
- focus on LEARNING and MASTERING TASKS
- focus on PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
- aka task-goal oriented
Performance orientation:
- focus on COMPETITIVE SUCCESS
- tendency to interpret outcomes as a sign of ability or lack of ability
- aka ability-goal oriented
What can mastery orientation lead to?
- cooperative learning (focus on learning rather than getting the right answer, with whole class)
- learn more
- stronger sense of self-efficacy
- more interest
- better sense of belonging
What can performance orientation lead to?
- being competitive
- friendship problems
- less likely to ask for help
- self-handicapping (placing struggles in one’s performance to avoid having to attribute failure to ability)
What is the issue of “tracking” in schools?
- practice of assigning students to a particular curriculum or set of courses on the basis of their presumed abilities (university, college classes)
- racialized youth and those who are lower SES = more likely to be placed in low-ability and non-uni prep courses
- lower ability courses = lower teaching skills, lower expectations
What is “school climate”?
- the general atmosphere of the school
- includes;
1. attitudes of students/staff
2. orders and disciplines
3. student participation
What is the best school climate option?
- demandingness
- responsiveness
What is “stage - environment” fit?
how well does the structure of a child’s environment match the child’s level of development?
What is “school membership”?
the sense that students have of being connected and committed to their school and its positive functioning
If someone has higher educational aspirations, how will this affect the attitudes of classmates ?
more likely to be engaged
have positive self-concepts
If someone has lower educational aspirations and dislike school, how will this affect the attitudes of classmates ?
- reinforce similar attitudes
- negatively affects school climate
Why have indigenous peoples been impacted by having low achievement scores in schools?
- history of marginalization
- residential schools
- discrimination
What impacts a classroom climate?
- teacher’s beliefs, attitudes, and practices
What makes a teacher put more effort into their relationships with students and communicate high expectations?
strong self-efficacy
What makes a teacher give up quickly in the face of difficulty and have low expectations?
- lack of confidence
What is the gold standard of being a teacher (hint: known as the “pedagogy of kindness” )?
-being AUTONOMY SUPPORTIVE!
What characteristics are included in a teacher who is “autonomy supportive”?
- encourage choice, self-initation, and participate in decision making
- provide constructive feedback
- refraining from using language that gives off pressure towards certain behaviours
- creating a sense of relatedness with students
A teacher who is autonomous supportive creates what type of student?
autonomous academic motivation
What does it mean for a teacher to be “autonomy supportive”?
- interpersonal sentiment and behaviour teachers provide to identify, nurture, and develop students’ inner motivational resources
What is attribution theory?
an approach to achievement that focuses on the causes people see as responsible for their successes and failures/learned experiences
What are the 4 causal factors central to achievement attributions?
- ability
- effort
- task difficulty
- luck
What is the locus of causality?
belief that cause of an outcome is something about the person (internal or external)
What is causal stability?
belief that cause of an outcome in relatively stable or variable
What is the best way to attribute our acheivements?
- to our ABILITIES
- b/c its internal, controllable, and highly stable
What is the best way to attribute our failures/learned experiences?
- to low EFFORT
- b/c we have control of our efforts and can change them (internal)
Why would we not attribute our failures/achievements to task difficulty or luck?
- no stability
- have no control
- seen as having less responsibility with lack of control
What is the benefit to feeling in control to the cause of an outcome?
- more pride –> you feel success was in your control
- raise expectancies –> if i try harder i can succeed
-raise motivation –> i intend to try hard
What is an example of attributing a success and a failure to ABILITY?
What is an example of attributing a success and a failure to EFFORT?
What is an example of attributing a success and a failure to LUCK?
What is an example of attributing a success and a failure to TASK DIFFICULTY?
What are some current issues in school?
- financial literacy
- experiential learning
- accessibility
- inclusion and equity
Do extra-curricular during school have positive effects on adolescents?
yes
Do after school programs have positive effects on adolescents?
yes
- gives them alternative to being home alone!
Is it shown that students are not as ready for life after high school?
yes
big transitional period!!
Who are the “forgetten half” after highschool?
- people who do not go onto university or college after
- often neglected
- seen as lack of diploma=lack of sckills
How can we improve prospects of high school graduates?
develop a closer cooperation between schools and the working world
- apprenticeships!
What is a mentor?
- non-familial adult who provides a young person with guidance and support
Adolescents who have a mentor to give them advice, guidance, and support have more positive attitudes towards school and are less likely to get involved in misconduct. true or false
true
what does an adolescent gain with a mentor?
- more social capital
Can working during adolescent have an impact on school?
- could affect grades if doing too much
Can working during adolescent have positive impacts?
- yes
- change perception of their parents
- teaches them time mangement and responsibility
do parents have a major influence on teens’ occupational choices?
yes!!
