Week 4 - Peers Flashcards
What is a peer?
-someone who is roughly at the same level in age, social status, or level of functioning of another
-involves equal status
- hierarchies within peer groups
- seen as less bossy and critical than parents/siblings
Are peers important in adolescence?
YES!!!!! –> they look to their peers to help with decisions, comfort or ideas, also status
Who does an adolescent spend more time with their peers or parents? Why?
Peers!
-b/c of…
1. school
2. similar interests (after-school activities)
What is a generation gap?
sharp divide between the value systems and goals of adolescents and adults
Do adults tend to criticize younger generations?
yes
What are the 3 different types of societies in terms of learning more from their elders?
- Postfigurative
- cofigurative
- prefigurative
what is a postfigurative society?
slower change
older teaches younger
ex: how to drive
what is a cofigurative society?
faster change
old and young teaching are EQUAL
ex: how to cook
what is a prefigurative society?
fastest change
young teach old
ex: how to use tech
What is youth culture?
idea that adolescents as a group have customs, values, and beliefs that separate them from culture of adults
are the umbrella terms “kids these days” and “millennials” are accurate?
NO!
- teens are too various
What are the 2 types of peer influence?
- normative social
- informational social
What is “normative social influence” and give example?
acting like others because there is a SOCIAL NORM that tells us what to do
kind of like manors!
ex: holding the door open for someone, doing the wave at a sports game
What is a “informational social influence” and provide an example?
acting like others because there is a belief that others have better info about the correct thing to do
making an assumption!
ex: asking a local for directions as they assume they know the area
What is a reference group?
set of people that someone looks to for info about what to do and what means to do well
serves as an auidence that observes, evaluates, and reacts to what individual does and says
What is normative groups in reference groups?
give info about:
-what is expected and normal
What is comparative groups in reference groups?
give info about:
- what the usual level or standard of performance is
who makes up a reference group?
MODELS!!
How are these models imitated (x3)?
- based on similarity
- based on status
- based on social power
do peers serve as reference groups?
yes!
What is “social comparison”?
comparing one’s status or performance with a reference group
ex:asking –> what did you get on the exam?
What is “self-reinforcement”?
rewarding or punishing oneself for what considers a good or bad outcome of one’s actions
What enforces standards of a chosen reference group?
positive and negative responses
Why do peers influence work?
adolescents have a desire to belong and feel accepted by others
group provides a “ready-made” identity
What is the source of the “need to belong” in adolescents?
- sense of self is based on the ways our peers see and respond to us
- if negative –> affects self esteem, feels isolated and ashamed
- to protect ourself psychologically and physically
- parenting styles can impact this and peer pressure
see slide 45
How is popularity in adolescence measured?
- using sociometric techniques
what is a “sociometric technique”?
- rely on nominations ( + is liked, - is disliked)
- uses social preference
- examines the structure and inner connections of social groups
What are the 5 “status categories” of our peers based on status, popularity, and acceptance?
- Popular
- Rejected
- Neglected
- Controversial
- Average
A person is liked by many and disliked by few. What status category do they fit into?
popular
A person is disliked by many and liked by few. What status category do they fit into?
rejected
A person is disliked or liked by few. What status category do they fit into?
neglected
A person is liked and disliked by many. What status category do they fit into?
Controversial
A person is somewhat liked and disliked . What status category do they fit into?
average
Rejective-aggressive adolescents develop a “hostile attributional bias”. why is that?
- have trouble managing emotions, so peers reject them
- then all other teens will percieve their behaviours as negative
What traits make you more likely to be popular?
- smart
- attractive
- social
What do popular boy categories tend to fall into?
- model –> cooperative, studious, unaggressive
- tough –> disruptive and aggressive
What do popular girls tend to base their popularity on?
- physical attractiveness
- $$$
- known to bully others
What is relational aggression and why is it common in girls?
- trying to hurt someone by attacking their personal or social relationships
- talking shit about people
- because of popularity
What are the 3 ways that adolescents understand peers?
- social cognition
- perspective taking
- social information processing
What is social cognition?
reasoning about social situations
What is Perspective taking?
seeing others’ points of views
realize that it is an imperfect process
What is social information processing?
coping with interactions
interpreting cues, defining goals, deciding on response
How does bullying affect the bully and their victims?
- negatively
What are victims of bullying like?
- withdrawn
-insecure
-socially isolated
What are bullies like?
- aggressive
-hostile
-domineering - disliked by peers
Do victims of bullying also victimize others?
yes
what is the most important intervention with racialized bullying?
building supportive communities
fostering dialogue around racialized bullying
what can racialized bullying do to the person?
severe consequences in…
- psychological
- emotional
- social
should we encourage social competence and if so how?
yes! use PREVNet’s mandate:
Educate
Assess
Intervene
Policy
