Week 4 - Families Flashcards
What is the most important function for adolescents in terms of family?
SOCIALIZATION!!!
What is socialization?
where children acquire the beliefs, motives, values, and behaviours deemed significant by a culture or subculture
Families are NOT dynamic systems. True or False?
False! They are!
What sort of relationships exist in the dynamic system of the family?
reciprocal relationships!
- parents influence the children and the children influence the parents
What can cause a disequilibrium in a family system?
“significant change in a family member of in a relationship between family members”
- puberty
- divorce
-death
What are “phase transitions” in family dynamics?
when old patterns are breaking down and new patterns are emerging
Are family dynamics always changing?
YES!
- children become more AUTONOMOUS and want more FREEDOM –> lead to conflict
-
What are the two dimensions of parenting?
1.Acceptance/Responsiveness
2. Demanding/control
What makes a parent “accepting/responsive”?
- warmth
- affectionate
- receptive
- supporting
- smile, praise and encourage children
- can be critical if child misbehaving
What makes parents “demanding/controlling”?
- surpervising
- regulating
- setting limits
- actively monitoring to ensure rules are being followed
What are the 4 different types of parenting styles?
- Authoritarian
- Authoritative
- Permissive
- Uninvolved
What does “authoritarian” parenting focus on and provide an example?
- obedience
- punishment over discipline
-high demand, low warmth - ex: the mother in tangled
What does “authoritative” parenting focus on and provide an example?
- creates a positive relationship
- enforce rules rationally
- low demand, high warmth
- “gold standard”
- consider child’s point of view and acknowledges that
- tailors demands to child’s ability to regulate
-demands are realistic and allows autonomy - ex: Phill from modern family or Danny from Full House
What does “permissive” parenting focus on and provide an example?
- Don’t enforce rules
- mentality that “kids will be kids”
-more flexible - ex: mom from Mean Girls
What does “uninvolved” parenting focus on and provide an example?
- provide little guidance, nurture, or attention
-not responsive, not warm, no rules - ex: Schidt’s Creek parents
What are the child’s outcomes like from “Authoritarian” parenting?
- passive
-dependent
-weaker self-esteem
What are the child’s outcomes like from “Authoritative” parenting?
- independent
- self-assured
- less likely to get involved in problem behaviours
- positive social, emotional, and intellectual abilities
What are the child’s outcomes like from “Permissive” parenting?
- immature
- easily influenced by peer pressure
- self-centered
-lack self control
What are the child’s outcomes like from “Uninvolved” parenting?
- most negative outcomes:(
- little interest in school
- get into risky activity early (sex, drugs, alcohol)
Can parenting styles mix or be dependent on the situation?
YEs!
What is the difference between emotional autonomy and behavioural autonomy?
Behavioural = ability to make own decisions
Emotional = inner sources of emotional security
What is the difference between “behavioural control” and “Psychological control” ?
- behavioural = parental rules, restriction’s, and limits
- psychological = inducing guilt, love withdrawl (manipulation of the child)
What are lower levels of behavioural control linked to?
- drug use
- antisocial
-not going to school
What are high levels of psychological control linked to?
- anxiety
-depression - rejection by peers
What do kids argue with their parents about?
- whether some choices should be made by parents or by the adolescence
- has to do with the adolescent
ex: curfews, clothing, chores
What do kids and parents tend to continue to agree on?
- important issues!
ex: values, religion, morals, respect
When is conflict between parents and kids the highest and lowest?
highest = early adolescence
lowest=late adolescence
What is an example on a “non-shared environmental influence” and how does it impact the adolescent?
- experiences unique to the individual and not shared by other members of the family in same environment
- ex: siblings go to different schools
- could end up having the parent treating one sibling better than the other
What is an example of a “shared environmental influence” and how does it have an impact on the adolescent?
- experiences common to all the family in same environments
- ex: both siblings play soccer
- could be competition between the siblings, parents treat them equally or put more pressure on one than the other?
What are the 3 genotype-environment correlations?
- Passive
- Evocative
- Active
What is a “passive” genotype-environment?
- parents contribute genes to child
- parents expressive their genes in the environment they create
ex: mom played piano so creates an environment of music for child
What is a “evocative” genotype-environment?
- genetic traits displayed by children
- elicit behaviour from others that enhances those traits
- “evoking the behaviour”
- ex: child is extroverted and hangs out with other extroverts to “pull the extrovert” out of them
What is a “Active” genotype-environment?
- child’s traits result in them seeking out the “niches” that support the trait
-actively seeking out their environment
ex: extroverted child seeking out social situations
Are siblings vital to the family life of adolescents?
Yes!
What do siblings help with for development of adolescents?
- serve as models, teachers, critics, and companions
- influence each other indirectly through parents
- provide socializing experiences (friendship skills and gender roles)
what is a “complementary role” in the sibling relationship?
older sibling = mentor
younger siblings = mentee
What is a reciprocal role in siblings?
mutual and equal support
What is “deidentification”?
defining oneself as different from siblings
What is “sibling collusion”?
when your sibling has your back (promotes deviance)
