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S6- MSK 2 > Week 5- Knee Clinical Presentations > Flashcards

Week 5- Knee Clinical Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1: COMMON PRESENTATIONS AND FRACTURE SCREENING

A

PART 1: COMMON PRESENTATIONS AND FRACTURE SCREENING

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2
Q

Knee Pain Common Clinical Presentations.

A
  • Patellar Fracture
  • Tendon Rupture
  • Osgood-Schlatter Disease
  • Articular Cartilage Defects
  • Meniscus Lesion
  • Cruciate & Collateral Ligament Sprains
  • Patellofemoral Instability
  • Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
  • Osteoarthropathy
  • Arthrofibrosis
  • Genu Recurvatum
  • Patellar Tendinopathy
  • ITB Friction Syndrome
  • Plica Syndrome
  • Bursitis
  • Osgood-Schlatter Disease
  • Peripheral Nerve Entrapment
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3
Q

What are the 2 Decision Rules for Fracture Screening at the knee?

A
  • Pittsburgh Knee Decision Rule

- Ottawa Knee Decision Rule

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4
Q

What are the (3) criterion for the Pittsburgh Knee Decision Rule?

A
  1. ) Hx trauma/fall
  2. ) Instability to bear weight x 4 steps immediately and in ED
  3. ) Age <12 OR >50
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5
Q

What are the (5) criterion for the Ottawa Knee Decision Rule?

A
  1. ) TTP head of fibula
  2. ) Instability to bear weight x 4 steps immediately and in ED
  3. ) Age >/= 55 years
  4. ) Inability to flex knee 90 degrees
  5. ) Isolated TTP patella
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6
Q

What are the Pittsburgh and Ottawa Knee Rules used for?

A

-Used to identify which cases of knee injury require radiographic imaging.

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7
Q

PART 2: PATELLAR FRACTURE

A

PART 2: PATELLAR FRACTURE

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8
Q

Patellar Epidemiology:

  • Makes up ___% of all fractures.
  • Most common ___-___ y/o.
  • ______ 2x > _______
  • 50% ___-________
A
  • 1%
  • 20-50
  • males 2x > females
  • non-displaced
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9
Q

What are (2) common MOIs for patellar fracture?

A
  • Fall onto anterior knee.

- Sudden quad activation.

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10
Q

Patellar Fracture Symptomology:

-In a patellar fracture the patient will report ________ knee pain and painful/inability to _______ the knee.

A
  • anterior knee pain

- inability to extend knee

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11
Q

Patellar Fracture Physical Examination:

  • Palpable gap at fracture site.
  • Local tenderness.
  • Painful ___________ > _______ for knee extension.
  • Painful end-range _______ ROM.
  • Antalgic gait.
A
  • painful resistance testing > AROM

- painful end range flexion

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12
Q

PART 3: TENDON RUPTURE (PATELLAR AND QUAD)

A

PART 3: TENDON RUPTURE (PATELLAR AND QUAD)

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13
Q

Tendon Rupture Epidemiology:

  • _______ Tendon Rupture = < 40 y/o.
  • _______ Tendon Rupture = > 40 y/o.
  • Which tendon rupture is 4-8x more likely in males?
A
  • Patellar tendon rupture = <40 y/o
  • Quad tendon rupture = >40 y/o
  • Quad tendon rupture
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14
Q

What are the risk factors for tendon rupture? (7)

A
  • local steroid injection
  • prolonged corticosteroid use
  • RA/Lupus
  • CT (connective tissue)/infectious diseases
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • DM
  • Hyperthyroidism
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15
Q

Tendon Rupture History:

  • Related to _______ overload extensor mechanism/trauma.
  • Sudden onset f/b fall.
  • Quad rupture common MOI?
  • Patellar rupture common MOI?
  • Hx of what 3 things?
A
  • eccentric overload
  • rapid quad contraction (regaining balance)
  • jump landing
  • Hx of degenerative tendinopathy, TKA, and ACL reconstruction.
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16
Q

Tendon Rupture Symptomology:

-Where will patients with quad/patellar ruptures report pain?

A

-anterior knee

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17
Q

Tendon Rupture Physical Examination:

  • Absent/painful active knee __________.
  • Painful knee _______ ROM.
  • Palpable defect.
  • Antalgic gait/unable to walk.
A
  • Absent/painful active knee extension.

- Painful knee flexion ROM.

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18
Q

PART 4: OSGOOD SCHLATTER DISEASE

A

PART 4: OSGOOD SCHLATTER DISEASE

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19
Q

What is Osgood Schlatter Disease?

A

-Apophysitis (inflammation to growth plates) of tibial tubercle.

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20
Q

Osgood Schlatter Epidemiology/Hx:

  • What population is this most common in?
  • Involves repetitive loading into knee ________.
  • Common __________.
A
  • young adolescent (males (10-15) > females (8-13))
  • flexion
  • bilaterally
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21
Q

Osgood Schlatter Disease Symptomology:

-Patient will report pain in ________ knee and aggravation with _______/resisted knee ________.

A
  • pain in anterior knee

- aggravated with activity/resisted knee extension

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22
Q

Osgood Schlatter Disease Physical Examination:

  • Local TTP
  • Prominent ______ ______ on visual inspection.
  • Pain end-range knee ______ ROM.
  • Knee __________ pain with resistive testing > AROM.
  • Possibly painful with tuning fork.
A
  • prominent tibial tubercle
  • pain end-range knee flexion
  • knee extension pain resistive > AROM
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23
Q

PART 5: ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS

A

PART 5: ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS

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24
Q

What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?

A

-Type of articular cartilage defect involving the separation of articular cartilage from subchondral space.

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25
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans Epidemiology:

  • What is the most common site?
  • Is it more common in males or females?
  • Greatest ___-___ y/o active individuals.
  • Common _________.
A
  • Most common on lateral side of medial condyle.
  • males > females
  • 10-20 y/o active individuals
  • bilaterally
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26
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans Hx:

  • Traumatic MOI (40-60%) juveniles vs. insidious.
  • ___________ within 2 hours. What is this?
A

-Hemiarthrosis within 2 hours. Hemiarthrosis is articular bleeding into the joint cavity.

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27
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans Symptomology:

  • ___________ knee pain.
  • Does activity make it better?
  • Stiffness/swelling with activities.
  • ________/________/_______
A
  • non-specific knee pain
  • No, activity makes it worse and rest makes it better.
  • grinding/locking/catching
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28
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans Physical Examination:

  • TTP at the femoral _______, medial and lateral joint lines.
  • Antalgic gait
  • Knee effusion.
  • Limited painful knee _________.
A
  • TTP at femoral condyle

- limited/painful knee ROM (flexion/extension)

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29
Q

What are some common surgical interventions used for articular cartilage defects? Explain each.

A

Arthroscopic lavage & debridement
-Probe with debridement of loose fragments.

Microfracture
-If chondral, drill holes leading to bone supply for vascularization.

Autologous Osteochondral Mosaicplasty Grafting
-Cartilage taken from other areas and placed.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
-Grow in lab, place back in.

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30
Q

PART 6: MENISCUS LESION

A

PART 6: MENISCUS LESION

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31
Q

Meniscus Lesion Epidemiology/Hx:

  • Incidence 12-14%
  • What injury is often concomitant with a meniscus lesion?
  • Audible “pop” during _____________.
  • Delayed _________ (__-__ hours following injury)
A
  • ACL Injury
  • directional change
  • delayed effusion (6-24hrs)
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32
Q

Meniscus Lesion Symptomology:

  • _______/_______/__________ at the knee.
  • Local knee pain.
A

-catching/locking/giving way of knee

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33
Q

Meniscus Lesion Physical Examination:

  • Pain at end-range knee _________.
  • Pain/limited _______ ROM.
  • Painful/weak ___________ resistive testing.
  • What 4 tests may be + if Meniscus Lesion is present?
A
  • end-range knee extension
  • pain/limited flexion ROM
  • flex/ext resistive testing
    • McMurray’s, Thessaly, Appley’s. Varus/Valgus Stress Tests
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34
Q

PART 7: ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

A

PART 7: ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

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35
Q
  • What is the function of the ACL?
  • What is the function of the PCL?
  • What is the function of the MCL?
  • What is the function of the LCL?
A
  • ACL = Prevent anterior translation of tibia on femur.
  • PCL = Prevent posterior translation of tibia on femur.
  • MCL = Prevent valgus collapse.
  • LCL = Prevent varus collapse.
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36
Q

ACL Epidemiology:

  • What is a common issue that occurs years after ACL injury?
  • ACL injury increases the risk to what else?
A
  • Knee OA

- Stabilizers of the knee.

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37
Q

ACL Clinical Correlations:

  • _______ 2-9x more likely. Why?
  • Decreased ________/_____ strength.
  • Duration of activity/fatigue.
  • Dry/artificial turf.
  • High BMI.
A
  • Females 2-9x due to jump landing mechanisms, greater Q angle, narrower intercondylar notch, and hormone laxity.
  • Decreased hamstring/core strength.
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38
Q

ACL Hx:

  • Are ACLs more likely from contact or non-contact?
  • What are some MOIs?
  • Contact injury MOI involves varus/valgus stress imposing shear force on joint.
A
  • More likely from non-contact.
  • Pivoting with planted foot and extended knee, cutting maneuvers, landing in full knee extension, hyperextension/hyperflexion.
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39
Q

ACL Symptomology:

  • Feelings of ________ at knee.
  • C/o severe pain with audible _____ and immediate _______.
A
  • Feelings of instability.

- C/o severe pain with audible “pop” and immediate swelling.

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40
Q

ACL Physical Examination:

  • ________-________ posture
  • Knee joint effusion
  • Antalgic gait
  • AROM/PROM/Resistive painful/limited in what plane?
  • _____/________ end-feel.
  • Excessive laxity with KT-1000 arthrometer test.
  • What 3 tests may be + with ACL Sprain?
A
  • weight-shifted posture
  • AROM/PROM/Resistive limited/painful in ALL PLANES.
  • Boggy/guarded end-feel
    • Pivot Shift, Anterior Drawer, Lachman’s Tests
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41
Q

PCL Epidemiology/Hx:

  • __-__% of knee injuries.
  • Audible _____ with injury.
  • What are some common MOIs?
A
  • 3-20% of knee injuries
  • audible “pop”
  • Posterior force at proximal anterior tibia, violent hyperextension, fall on flexed knee with PF.
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42
Q

PCL Symptomology:

  • Local _________ knee pain aggravated with deceleration and kneeling.
  • Feeling of LE _________.
A
  • local posterior knee pain

- Feeling of LE giving way (instability)

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43
Q

PCL Physical Examination:

  • Limited knee _______ in stance phase of gait.
  • Effusion
  • Limited/painful knee _______ ROM.
  • Painful with resistive testing of extension > 90 degrees.
  • What test may be + with PCL Sprain?
A
  • limited knee extension in stance phase
  • Limited/painful knee ext/flex
    • Posterior Drawer Test
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44
Q

MCL Epidemiology:

  • Is this injury concomitant with other ligamentous injuries at the knee?
  • Correlation with soccer/football/hockey.
  • High grade injuries may lead to chronic knee ___________.
  • What do we need to worry about with deep MCL tears?
A

Yes, involved in ~42% of ligament injuries at the knee.

  • chronic knee instability
  • Worry about connection with meniscus.
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45
Q

MCL Hx:

  • Is this more common in younger/older, and male/female?
  • What is a common MOI?
A
  • Younger, males (2x)

- Valgus force (external force at lateral knee)

46
Q

MCL Symptomology:

  • ______ knee pain.
  • Aggravated with ________, change in _______, and ______ force.
A
  • medial knee pain

- Aggravated with activity, change in direction, and valgus force.

47
Q

MCL Physical Examination:

  • Swelling/bruising
  • Antalgic gait
  • Potential limited/painful knee ROM
  • Local TTP
  • What test may be + with MCL Sprain?
A
    • Valgus Stress Test (pain/laxity)
48
Q

LCL Hx:

-What is a common MOI?

A

-Varus trauma at knee.

49
Q

LCL Symptomology:

  • _______ knee pain.
  • Aggravated with change in _______ during ambulation.
A
  • lateral knee pain

- Aggravated with change in direction

50
Q

LCL Physical Examination:

  • Local lateral knee effusion
  • Local TTP
  • Guarded/boddy end-feel with end range ROM flexion and extension.
  • What test may be + with LCL Sprain?
A
    • Varus Stress Test at 0 and 30 degrees
51
Q

PART 8: PATELLOFEMORAL INSTABILITY

A

PART 8: PATELLOFEMORAL INSTABILITY

52
Q

What is Patellofemoral Instability?

A

-Concern with tracking of patella and distribution of loading that can have subsequent dislocations commonly.

53
Q

Patellofemoral Instability is often concomitant with _________ lesion.

A

-Osteochondral lesion

54
Q

Patellofemoral Instability Predispositions:

  • _____ patella, ______ groove
  • Patella ____/_____
  • Quad muscle imbalance
  • Generalized ligamentous laxity
A
  • small patella, shallow groove

- alta/baja

55
Q

Patellofemoral Instability Hx:

-_________/________ of patellofemoral joint.

A

Subluxation/dislocation

56
Q

Patellofemoral Instability Symptomology:

  • ________ of LE
  • _____-_______ pain
A
  • “Giving way” of LE

- peri-patellar pain

57
Q

Patellofemoral Instability Physical Examination:

  • Peripatellar TTP.
  • ______mobility of patellofemoral joint.
  • ___________ sign.
  • Acchymosis/swelling/effusion in ______ stages.
A
  • Hypermobility
  • Apprehension sign
  • acute stages
58
Q

Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability is an indication for surgical management. What may be done?

A

-May cut lateral retinaculum so it can’t pull patella out and dislocate.

59
Q

PART 9: PFPS (PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME)

A

PART 9: PFPS (PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME)

60
Q
  • What population is at risk for PFPS?

- Common with what activities?

A
  • Active individuals and adolescents.

- Weight-bearing activities.

61
Q

PFPS Clinical Correlations:

  • Altered patellar tracking thought to contribute to aberrant loading patterns of patellofemoral joint.
    • _______ weakness/muscle imbalance
    • Soft tissue tightness
    • Increased __-_____
    • Hip weakness (ABD/ER)
    • Altered ___/____ kinematics (subtalar pronation)
    • Increased femoral angle of ________
    • Increased femoral _________
A
  • Quad weakness/imbalance
  • Increased Q-angle
  • Altered foot/ankle kinematics
  • Increased femoral angle of inclination
  • Increased femoral anteversion
62
Q

PFPS Hx:

  • Athletes
  • ______ gender
  • _______ onset
A
  • female gender

- insidious onset

63
Q

PFPS Symptomology:

  • ______/________ knee pain
  • What are some aggravating factors?
  • Knee __________
  • Catching at knee
A
  • Anterior/peri-patellar
  • Aggravated with (prolonged) sitting, stair ambulation, inclined walking, squatting
  • Knee crepitus
64
Q

`PFPS Physical Examination:

  • Patella ____/_____
  • Abnormal __-______
  • Painful squat
  • Possible peri-patellar swelling and antalgic gait
  • Painful/limited knee _______ AROM
  • Painful/limited knee _______ PROM
  • Hip ER/ABD weakness
  • What test may be + with PFPS?
A
  • Patella alta/baja
  • Abnormal Q-angle
  • Painful/limited knee flex/ext AROM
  • Painful/limited knee flex PROM
    • Clarke’s Test
65
Q

What does the CPG say about diagnosis of PFPS?

A
  1. ) Should use reproduction fo retropatellar or peri-patellar pain during squatting as a diagnostic test for PFP. Can also use performance/functional activites that load PFJ in a flexed position such as stairs. (A GRADE)
  2. ) Should make diagnosis of PFP using criteria (1) Presence of retropatellar or peri-patellar pain (2) Reproduction of retropatellar or peripatellar pain with squatting, stair climbing, prolonged sitting, etc in flexed position of PFJ (3) Exclusion of all other conditions. (B GRADE)
  3. ) May use the patellar tilt test with the presence of hypomobility to support diagnosis of PFPS.
66
Q

PART 10: OTEOARTHROPATHY (OA)

A

PART 10: OTEOARTHROPATHY (OA)

67
Q

What is OA?

A

-Any disease of the bones and joints.

68
Q
  • What joint is most commonly affected by OA?
  • Patients with a previous ______ injury are more likely to develop knee OA.
  • Can be ____________.
A
  • Knee
  • ACL injury
  • asymptomatic
69
Q
  • Early OA = joint _______

- Late OA = joint ________

A
  • Early OA = joint gapping

- Late OA = joint narrowing

70
Q

OA Hx:

  • ______ onset
  • Hx trauma/prior knee Sx
  • Family Hx
  • _________
  • Knee ______mobility
  • Joint shape abnormality
  • Extreme physical activity levels
  • Age >___ y/o
  • _______ gender
A
  • insidious onset
  • obesity
  • knee hypermobility
  • age > 50
  • female > male
71
Q

OA Symptomology:

  • ________ pain
  • Aggravated with w/b activities, squatting, stairs, prolonged sitting
  • _________
A
  • Retropatellar pain

- Crepitus

72
Q

OA Physical Examination:

  • Antalgic gait
  • Swelling/warmth at knee
  • TTP joint lines
  • Painful/limited knee _________
  • Painful/limited resistive testing
A

-Painful/limited knee flex/ext

73
Q

PART 11: ARTHROFIBROSIS

A

PART 11: ARTHROFIBROSIS

74
Q
  • What is arthrofibrosis?
  • Is inflammation present?
  • May lead to ___________ joint changes.
A
  • Dense proliferative intra-articular and extra-articular scar tissue formation with related limitations in knee ROM.
  • Yes
  • degenerative joint changes
75
Q

Arthrofibrosis Symptomology:

  • Stiffness(worse in _________)
  • Knee swelling
  • ________
  • ______ knee pain
A
  • Stiffness (worse in morning)
  • Crepitus
  • Diffuse knee pain
76
Q

Arthrofibrosis Physical Examination:

  • Limited knee __________ in stance.
  • Limited/painful knee _______.
  • _____mobile patellofemoral glides
  • Knee effusion/swelling
  • Inhibited/weak/painful knee __________
A
  • extension
  • limited/painful knee ext/flex
  • hypomobile
  • Inhibited/weak/painful knee extension
77
Q

PART 12: GENU RECURVATUM

A

PART 12: GENU RECURVATUM

78
Q

Genu Recurvatum involves hyperextension of the knee >___ degrees.

A
  • > 10 degrees
79
Q

Genu Recurvatum Epidemiology:

  • Are females of males affected more?
  • Correlated with joint laxity, Hx knee injury, and poor muscular control.
  • May predispose patient to what injuries? (4)
A
  • females
  • ACL injury, compressive anterior tib-fib joint injury, tensile posterior joint supporters injury, posterior corner capsulo-ligamentous avulsion injury
80
Q

Genu Recurvatum Hx:

  • Forced knee ________ injury.
  • Jump landing in extension.
  • Force to anteriomedial proximal tibia.
  • Noncontact hyperextension with planted foot.
  • Concomitant ____ injury.
A
  • extension

- PCL injury

81
Q

Genu Recurvatum Symptomology:

  • C/o knee ____________.
  • ____________ vs ____________ knee pain
A
  • C/o knee instability

- Anteriomedial vs posteriolateral knee pain

82
Q

Genu Recurvatum Physical Examination:

  • Knee hyperextension (impaired __________)
  • Edema, ecchymosis
  • TTP locally
  • ___________ screening exam
  • Antalgic gait
  • Hypermobility posterior glide with posteriolateral bias.
A
  • Knee hyperextension (impaired proprioception)

- Neurovascular screening

83
Q

PART 13: PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY

A

PART 13: PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY

84
Q
  • Patellar Tendinopathy is often called “Jumper’s Knee” and involved an __________ overload.
  • Average ___ months pain/functional limitations.
  • ___% of affected athletes quit sport.
  • What sports are more prone to this injury?
A
  • eccentric overload
  • Average 32 months
  • 53%
  • basketball and volleyball
85
Q

Patellar Tendinopathy Symptomology:

  • ________ knee pain
  • Aggravated with _________/ extensor mechanism
A
  • anterior knee pain

- aggravated with jumping

86
Q

Patellar Tendinopathy Physical Examination:

  • TTP at what areas?
  • Painful squat
  • Pain end-range _______ ROM
  • Pain ______ > ________
A
  • TTP at patellar tendon and inferior pole of patella
  • Pain end-range flexion
  • Pain resisted > AROM extension
87
Q

PART 14: IT BAND FRICTION SYNDROME

A

PART 14: IT BAND FRICTION SYNDROME

88
Q
  • IT Band Friction Syndrome involves increased compression on soft tissue structures between lateral femoral ______ and ____.
  • Involved with thickening of bursa.
A

lateral femoral condyle and ITB

89
Q

IT Band Friction Syndrome Hx:

  • ___________
  • Also downhill skiers, jumpng sports, weight lifters, cycling
A

-Long distance runners

90
Q

IT Band Friction Syndrome Symptomology:

  • _______ knee pain
  • Aggravated with activity, repetitive knee ______/_______, and stairs.
A
  • lateral knee pain

- Aggravated with activity, repetitive knee flex/ext, and stairs

91
Q

IT Band Friction Syndrome Physical Examination:

  • Local TTP
  • Hip ROM painful end-range _______
  • Potentially painful hip ________ resistance testing
  • What test may be positive with ITB Friction Syndrome?
A
  • end-range ADD
  • ABD resistive testing
    • Ober Test
92
Q

PART 15: HOFFA’S SYNDROME

A

PART 15: HOFFA’S SYNDROME

93
Q

What is Hoffa’s Syndrome?

A

-Hypertrophy/iniflammation of intrapatellar fat pad that can cause impingement between femoral condyles and tibial plateaus.

94
Q

Hoffa’s Syndrome Hx:

-Trauma vs repetitive _______ microtrauma

A

-extension

95
Q

Hoffa’s Syndrome Symptomology:

  • _________ (infrapatellar) knee pain
  • Aggravated by activities that require (repetitive) knee _________.
A
  • anterior knee pain

- knee extension

96
Q

Hoffa’s Syndrome Physical Examination:

  • Painful knee _________ ROM
  • Local TTP (medial/lateral to ___________)
A
  • painful knee extension ROM

- Local TTP (medial/lateral to patellar tendon)

97
Q

PART 16: PLICA SYNDROME

A

PART 16: PLICA SYNDROME

98
Q

What is Plica Syndrome?

A
  • A plica is a fold in the thin tissue that lines your knee joint. There are 4 (supra/medio/infra/lateropatellar plica) of these plica, and they let you bend and move your leg with ease.
  • Plica Syndrome is when one of these gets irritated from injury or overuse.
99
Q 
Plica Syndrome Suggested Clinical Dx:
-Supportive Hx.
-Failure with conservative management.
-Arthroscopic observation of fibrotic plica with impingement in patellofemoral joint during knee \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
No other likely diagnostic hypothesis.
100
Q

Plica Syndrome Hx:

  • ______trauma
  • Can happen at any age but greatest risk with __________.
  • Initial knee injury with secondary inflammation to plica.
A
  • microtrauma

- adolescents

101
Q

Plica Syndrome Symptomology:

  • ________ knee pain.
  • clicking/catching/locking/giving way
  • Aggravated with activity, prolonged standing/sitting, squatting
A

-anterior knee pain

102
Q

Plica Syndrome Physical Examination:

  • __________ plica ________ effusion.
  • Local TTP
  • Painful knee ______ ROM, less pain with active _________.
  • Painless _______ PROM.
A
  • Hypertrophied plica without effusion
  • Painful knee flexion ROM; less pain with active extension
  • Painless extension PROM
103
Q

PART 17: BAKER’S CYST

A

PART 17: BAKER’S CYST

104
Q

What is Baker’s Cyst?

A

A fluid-filled cyst behind the knee, may rupture.

105
Q

Baker’s Cyst Symptomology:

-________ knee pain.

A

posterior knee pain

106
Q

Baker’s Cyst Physical Examination:

  • Local swelling proximal to popliteal fossa
  • Pain knee ________
  • Prominence of cyst increases with resisted knee _______.
A
  • painful knee flex/ext

- Prominence increases with resisted knee flexion

107
Q

PART 18: BURSITIS

A

PART 18: BURSITIS

108
Q

What are the (3) areas this can occur?

A
  • Superficial & deep infrapatellar (nun’s knee) = Direct mechanical irritation
  • Prepatellar = Recurrent anterior knee trauma
  • Superficial Pes Anserine = Swimmers/ distance runners
109
Q

Bursitis Physical Examination:

-Local ____/__________

A

Local TTP/swelling

110
Q

PART 19: NERVE ENTRAPMENTS

A

PART 19: NERVE ENTRAPMENTS

S6- MSK 2 (21 decks)

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