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S6- MSK 2 > Week 4- Anatomy and Biomechanics Review > Flashcards

Week 4- Anatomy and Biomechanics Review Flashcards

1
Q

Femur:

  • Longest and strongest in body
  • Shaft nearly cylindrical
  • Inclined ________ and ________ from tibia.
A

-inclined upward and outward

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2
Q

Femoral Shaft:

  • Angle from vertical = ~___ degrees.
  • Dense compact bone with medullary cavity.
  • ________ bone at proximal and distal ends.
A
  • ~10 degrees

- trabecular bone

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3
Q
  • What is the Q Angle?

- What is a normal Q Angle?

A
  • Angle formed by line from midpoint of patella to tibial tubercle and line from ASIS to mid point of patella.
  • 13.5 degrees (+/-4.5) (higher in women)
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4
Q
  • Genu valgum = knees ______

- Genu varus = knees ______

A
  • valgum = knees touch

- carus = knees apart

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5
Q

What are the (4) main parts of the distal end of the femur?

A
  • Patellar surface
  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
  • Intercondylar Fossa
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6
Q

Patellar Surface:

  • ______ extension of both condyles.
  • Groove for ________.
A
  • anterior

- patella

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7
Q

Medial Condyle:

-Slightly curved, medial _________

A

-convexity

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8
Q

What are the (4) parts of the proximal tibia?

A
  • Condyles
  • Tibial tuberocity
  • Fibular facet
  • Gerdy’s tubercle
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9
Q

Tibia:

  • Condyles = expansion of ________ tibia.
  • Tibial tuberocity = anterior ridge where anterior surface of _________ meet.
  • Fibular facet = ________-_______ lateral condyle.
  • Gerdy’s tubercle = _______-_____ lateral condyle
A
  • Condyles: expansions of proximal tibia (medial and lateral)
  • Tibial tuberocity: anterior ridge where anterior surface of condyles meet
  • Fibular facet: posterio-inferior lateral condyle
  • Gerdy’s Tubercle: anterio-lateral lateral condyle
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10
Q

What is the name of structure where the IT band inserts?

A

-Gerdy’s Tubercle

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11
Q

Tibia:

  • Shaft is _________ at cross-section.
  • Medial malleolus projects _______ from medial aspects of distal end.
A
  • triangular

- distally

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12
Q

Intercondylar Area:

  • Area between _______ surfaces.
  • Attachments for horns of ________.
  • Intercondylar eminence: central, most narrow, raised portion
A
  • -condylar surfaces

- menisci

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13
Q

What is the structure where the ACL attaches?

A

-ACL attachment

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14
Q

What are the (3) main parts of the fibula?

A
  • Fibular head
  • Shaft
  • Lateral malleolus
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15
Q

Fibula:

  • Attaches to tibia at proximal and distal ________ joints.
  • Lateral component of talocrural joint’s proximal articulation.
  • Is it well suited for weight bearing?
A
  • tibiofibular joints

- Not well suited for weight bearing.

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16
Q

Patella:

  • _______ bone within quad tendon
  • Superior, medial , & lateral borders
  • Base (________) & Apex (________)
  • Typically, apex should be slightly ________ to tibiofemoral joint line in extended position.
A
  • Sesamoid
  • Base (superior) & Apex (inferior)
  • proximal
17
Q

Articular Surface of the Patella:

  • Vertical ridge fits into _______ _______ of femur’s patellar surface.
  • Vertical ridge divides patellar articular area into medial and lateral facets, which is further divided into equal ______.
  • What is the “odd” facet?
A
  • intercondylar groove
  • thirds
  • Medial border that contacts femoral condyle in full flexion.
18
Q

What structure does this describe?

  • Intra-capsular
  • Extra-synovial
  • Contacts infrapatellar plica
  • Highly vascularized
  • Highly innervated
A

-Intrapatellar (Hoffa’s) Fat Pad

19
Q

What is the function of the Intrapatellar Fat Pad?

A
  • Space decreases f/b lateral protrusion of this in increasing flexion.
  • Resorvoir for reparative cells.
20
Q

Knee Joint Capsule:

  • Fibrous sleeve spanning from distal _____ to proximal ______.
  • __________
  • Patella received in window of ________surface
  • Blends with _____ posteriorly
A
  • distal femur to proximal tibia
  • cylindrical
  • anterior surface
  • PCL
21
Q

Femoral Insertion:

  • Anteriorly forms _____________ fossa
  • Posterior condylar plates, distal to ________ insertions
  • _________ ligaments blend with capsule at insertion
A
  • supratrochlear fossa
  • gastroc insertions
  • cruciate ligaments
22
Q

MCL:

  • Origin/Insertion = ________ condyle to upper _______
  • What is the general orientation of the MCL?
  • Taut during ________, slackened during ________.
  • Least taut at ___ degrees of flexion.
A
  • medial condyle to upper tibia
  • obliquely, anteriorly, inferiorly
  • taut during extension, slackened during flexion
  • least taut at 30 degrees flexion
23
Q

MCL Function:

  • Checks/limits genu ______
  • Prevents ______ (with knee in extended position
A
  • checks/limits genu valgus

- prevents lateral rotation

24
Q

LCL:

  • Origin/Insertion = _______ epicondyle to ______ of _______.
  • What is the orientation of the LCL?
  • Distinct from ________.
  • Seperated from lateral meniscus by __________ tendon.
A
  • lateral epicondyle to head of fibula
  • inferiorly and posteriorly
  • capsule
  • popliteus tendon
25
Q

LCL Function:

  • Checks/limits genu ______
  • Least taut at ___ degrees of flexion.
A
  • checks/limits genu varum

- least taut at 30 degrees flexion

26
Q

ACL:

  • Origin/Insertion = posterior aspect of lateral femoral _______ medial surface anterior/lateral to medial _______ spine
  • What is the orientation of the ACL?
  • ________ and _________ bundle.
  • Vascularization: _________>_________ portions
  • Innervation: Branches of the posterior articular branches of the _______ nerve
A
  • Posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle’s medial surface anterior/lateral to medial tibial spine.
  • anteriorly, medially, and distally
  • Anteromedial bundle (AMB) and Posteriolateral bundle (PLB)
  • proximal > distal
  • tibial nerve
27
Q

ACL Function:

  • Stability of the knee joint by resisting ________ tibial translation.
  • ______/______ angulation
  • ______ rotation
A
  • anterior tibial translation
  • varus/valgus
  • tibial rotation
28
Q

PCL:

  • Thicker and stronger than _____.
  • Origin/Insertion = lateral surface of the ______ femoral condyle to anterior roof of the ______________
  • Fan-like structure, fiber orientation variable
  • _________ and _________ bundles
A
  • ACL
  • lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle to anterior roof of the intercondylar notch
  • Anterolateral and posteromedial bundles
29
Q

PCL Function:

-Pulls condyles _________ during _________

A

-Pulls condyles posteriorly during extension.

30
Q

Medial Meniscus:

  • Broader _________, nearly semicircle.
  • Anterior horn attached to the ________ tibial intercondylar area (anterior to ACL).
  • Posterior horn: attached to ________ tibial intercondylar area.
  • Peripheral border: attached to capsule & deep _____.
  • Coronary ligament: tibial attachment of the _________
  • Does it move more or less than the lateral meniscus?
A
  • broader posteriorly
  • anterior tibial intercondylar area
  • posterior tibial intercondylar area
  • deep MCL
  • meniscus
  • Less
31
Q

Lateral Meniscus:

  • __/__ths of a circle
  • Anterior horn attached _______ to the intercondylar eminence.
  • Meniscofemoral ligaments often only attachment of the posterior horn.
  • No peripheral bony attachment in area of popliteus.
A
  • 4/5ths

- anterior

32
Q

Menisci:

  • Vascularized by ________ _________ artery and branches.
  • Peripheral __-__% vascularized.
  • Rich innervation at ______.
  • Inner portions ________ and ____-_________.
A
  • middle genicular artery and branches
  • 10-30%
  • rich innervation at horns
  • avascular and non-innervated
33
Q

Menisci:

  • Increases congruency of joint by spreading _____ and providing physical _________.
  • Provide ___________ input.
  • Lubrication
  • Attenuate loading during extremes of ________/_________.
A
  • load and providing physical stability
  • proprioceptive
  • flexion/extension

S6- MSK 2 (21 decks)

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