Week 4- Anatomy and Biomechanics Review Flashcards
1
Q
Femur:
- Longest and strongest in body
- Shaft nearly cylindrical
- Inclined ________ and ________ from tibia.
A
-inclined upward and outward
2
Q
Femoral Shaft:
- Angle from vertical = ~___ degrees.
- Dense compact bone with medullary cavity.
- ________ bone at proximal and distal ends.
A
- ~10 degrees
- trabecular bone
3
Q
- What is the Q Angle?
- What is a normal Q Angle?
A
- Angle formed by line from midpoint of patella to tibial tubercle and line from ASIS to mid point of patella.
- 13.5 degrees (+/-4.5) (higher in women)
4
Q
- Genu valgum = knees ______
- Genu varus = knees ______
A
- valgum = knees touch
- carus = knees apart
5
Q
What are the (4) main parts of the distal end of the femur?
A
- Patellar surface
- Medial condyle
- Lateral condyle
- Intercondylar Fossa
6
Q
Patellar Surface:
- ______ extension of both condyles.
- Groove for ________.
A
- anterior
- patella
7
Q
Medial Condyle:
-Slightly curved, medial _________
A
-convexity
8
Q
What are the (4) parts of the proximal tibia?
A
- Condyles
- Tibial tuberocity
- Fibular facet
- Gerdy’s tubercle
9
Q
Tibia:
- Condyles = expansion of ________ tibia.
- Tibial tuberocity = anterior ridge where anterior surface of _________ meet.
- Fibular facet = ________-_______ lateral condyle.
- Gerdy’s tubercle = _______-_____ lateral condyle
A
- Condyles: expansions of proximal tibia (medial and lateral)
- Tibial tuberocity: anterior ridge where anterior surface of condyles meet
- Fibular facet: posterio-inferior lateral condyle
- Gerdy’s Tubercle: anterio-lateral lateral condyle
10
Q
What is the name of structure where the IT band inserts?
A
-Gerdy’s Tubercle
11
Q
Tibia:
- Shaft is _________ at cross-section.
- Medial malleolus projects _______ from medial aspects of distal end.
A
- triangular
- distally
12
Q
Intercondylar Area:
- Area between _______ surfaces.
- Attachments for horns of ________.
- Intercondylar eminence: central, most narrow, raised portion
A
- -condylar surfaces
- menisci
13
Q
What is the structure where the ACL attaches?
A
-ACL attachment
14
Q
What are the (3) main parts of the fibula?
A
- Fibular head
- Shaft
- Lateral malleolus
15
Q
Fibula:
- Attaches to tibia at proximal and distal ________ joints.
- Lateral component of talocrural joint’s proximal articulation.
- Is it well suited for weight bearing?
A
- tibiofibular joints
- Not well suited for weight bearing.
16
Q
Patella:
- _______ bone within quad tendon
- Superior, medial , & lateral borders
- Base (________) & Apex (________)
- Typically, apex should be slightly ________ to tibiofemoral joint line in extended position.
A
- Sesamoid
- Base (superior) & Apex (inferior)
- proximal
17
Q
Articular Surface of the Patella:
- Vertical ridge fits into _______ _______ of femur’s patellar surface.
- Vertical ridge divides patellar articular area into medial and lateral facets, which is further divided into equal ______.
- What is the “odd” facet?
A
- intercondylar groove
- thirds
- Medial border that contacts femoral condyle in full flexion.
18
Q
What structure does this describe?
- Intra-capsular
- Extra-synovial
- Contacts infrapatellar plica
- Highly vascularized
- Highly innervated
A
-Intrapatellar (Hoffa’s) Fat Pad
19
Q
What is the function of the Intrapatellar Fat Pad?
A
- Space decreases f/b lateral protrusion of this in increasing flexion.
- Resorvoir for reparative cells.
20
Q
Knee Joint Capsule:
- Fibrous sleeve spanning from distal _____ to proximal ______.
- __________
- Patella received in window of ________surface
- Blends with _____ posteriorly
A
- distal femur to proximal tibia
- cylindrical
- anterior surface
- PCL
21
Q
Femoral Insertion:
- Anteriorly forms _____________ fossa
- Posterior condylar plates, distal to ________ insertions
- _________ ligaments blend with capsule at insertion
A
- supratrochlear fossa
- gastroc insertions
- cruciate ligaments
22
Q
MCL:
- Origin/Insertion = ________ condyle to upper _______
- What is the general orientation of the MCL?
- Taut during ________, slackened during ________.
- Least taut at ___ degrees of flexion.
A
- medial condyle to upper tibia
- obliquely, anteriorly, inferiorly
- taut during extension, slackened during flexion
- least taut at 30 degrees flexion
23
Q
MCL Function:
- Checks/limits genu ______
- Prevents ______ (with knee in extended position
A
- checks/limits genu valgus
- prevents lateral rotation
24
Q
LCL:
- Origin/Insertion = _______ epicondyle to ______ of _______.
- What is the orientation of the LCL?
- Distinct from ________.
- Seperated from lateral meniscus by __________ tendon.
A
- lateral epicondyle to head of fibula
- inferiorly and posteriorly
- capsule
- popliteus tendon
25
Q
LCL Function:
- Checks/limits genu ______
- Least taut at ___ degrees of flexion.
A
- checks/limits genu varum
- least taut at 30 degrees flexion
26
Q
ACL:
- Origin/Insertion = posterior aspect of lateral femoral _______ medial surface anterior/lateral to medial _______ spine
- What is the orientation of the ACL?
- ________ and _________ bundle.
- Vascularization: _________>_________ portions
- Innervation: Branches of the posterior articular branches of the _______ nerve
A
- Posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle’s medial surface anterior/lateral to medial tibial spine.
- anteriorly, medially, and distally
- Anteromedial bundle (AMB) and Posteriolateral bundle (PLB)
- proximal > distal
- tibial nerve
27
Q
ACL Function:
- Stability of the knee joint by resisting ________ tibial translation.
- ______/______ angulation
- ______ rotation
A
- anterior tibial translation
- varus/valgus
- tibial rotation
28
Q
PCL:
- Thicker and stronger than _____.
- Origin/Insertion = lateral surface of the ______ femoral condyle to anterior roof of the ______________
- Fan-like structure, fiber orientation variable
- _________ and _________ bundles
A
- ACL
- lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle to anterior roof of the intercondylar notch
- Anterolateral and posteromedial bundles
29
Q
PCL Function:
-Pulls condyles _________ during _________
A
-Pulls condyles posteriorly during extension.
30
Q
Medial Meniscus:
- Broader _________, nearly semicircle.
- Anterior horn attached to the ________ tibial intercondylar area (anterior to ACL).
- Posterior horn: attached to ________ tibial intercondylar area.
- Peripheral border: attached to capsule & deep _____.
- Coronary ligament: tibial attachment of the _________
- Does it move more or less than the lateral meniscus?
A
- broader posteriorly
- anterior tibial intercondylar area
- posterior tibial intercondylar area
- deep MCL
- meniscus
- Less
31
Q
Lateral Meniscus:
- __/__ths of a circle
- Anterior horn attached _______ to the intercondylar eminence.
- Meniscofemoral ligaments often only attachment of the posterior horn.
- No peripheral bony attachment in area of popliteus.
A
- 4/5ths
- anterior
32
Q
Menisci:
- Vascularized by ________ _________ artery and branches.
- Peripheral __-__% vascularized.
- Rich innervation at ______.
- Inner portions ________ and ____-_________.
A
- middle genicular artery and branches
- 10-30%
- rich innervation at horns
- avascular and non-innervated
33
Q
Menisci:
- Increases congruency of joint by spreading _____ and providing physical _________.
- Provide ___________ input.
- Lubrication
- Attenuate loading during extremes of ________/_________.
A
- load and providing physical stability
- proprioceptive
- flexion/extension
