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S6- MSK 2 > Week 3- iRA/tRA: Hip Anatomy and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Week 3- iRA/tRA: Hip Anatomy and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the hip? (5)

A
  • Femur
  • Innominate
  • Labrum
  • Ligaments
  • Musculature
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2
Q

Femur:

  • ________ and ________ bone in the body.
  • Shaft is nearly cylindrical.
  • Inclined ______ and ________ from tibia.
A
  • longest and strongest

- upward and outward

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3
Q

Femoral Head:

  • Faces ________, _______, and ______.
  • Spheroidal
  • The ______ is the attachment for the ligamentum teres.
A
  • anterior, superior, and medial

- fovea

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4
Q

Femoral Neck:

  • Allows limb movement without impact from ________.
  • Anterior neck intracapsular, though posterior capsule extends ~ mid ______.
A
  • pelvis

- mid neck

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5
Q
  • Greater trochanter projects ____________.
  • Lesser trochanter projects ___________.
  • Intertrochanteric line ________ at neck/shaft junction.
  • Intertrochanteric crest ridge on posterior femur between _________.
A
  • superiomedially
  • posteriomedially
  • anterior
  • trochanters
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6
Q

Femoral Shaft:

  • Angle from vertical ~__ degrees (__-__ degrees from tibia).
  • Sustains ________ loads, ridges at muscular attachment sites.
  • Dense compact bone with medullary cavity.
  • __________ bone at proximal and distal ends.
A
  • 10 degrees (5-7 degrees)
  • compressive
  • Trabecular bone
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7
Q

Femur Distal End:

-What are the 4 parts of the distal end of the femur?

A
  • Patellar surface (anterior extensions w/ groove for patella)
  • Medial condyle (medial convexity)
  • Lateral condyle
  • Intercondylar fossa
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8
Q

Angle of Inclination:

  • Angle of femoral ____ to femoral ____.
  • Normal = ______
  • Coxa Vara = _______
  • Coxa Valga = _______
A
  • Angle of femoral neck to femoral shaft.
  • Normal = 135 (125-140)
  • Coxa Vara = <120
  • Coxa Valga = >140
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9
Q

Angle of Anteversion:

  • _____ and posterior borders of femoral _________.
  • Normal = ______
  • Excessive anteversion = ______
  • Retroversion
  • Excessive anteversion exposes more femoral head and puts patient at ________ dislocation risk.
A
  • Neck and posterior borders of femoral condyles.
  • Normal = 10-15
  • Excessive anteversion = 40 degrees
  • anterior
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10
Q

Hip Vascularity:

  • The arterial supply to the hip joint is largely via the ________ and _________ _________ arteries.
  • It also gets minor contributions from inferior and superior gluteal arteries.
  • In early childhood, reaches the head along the ________ ______.
A
  • medial and lateral circumflex arteries

- ligamentum teres

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11
Q

What are the (3) parts of the innominate?

A
  • Pubis
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
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12
Q

What are the parts of the pubis? (4)

A
  • Body
  • Superior Pubic Ramus
  • Inferior Pubic Ramus
  • Pubic Tubercle
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13
Q

What are the parts of the ilium? (5)

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Ant/Post/Med borders
  • Gluteal surface
  • Iliac fossa
  • Sacropelvic surface
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14
Q

What are the parts of the ischium? (3)

A
  • Ischial Ramus
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Ischial Spine
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15
Q
  • Inclination of the Acetabulum = ___ degrees

- Acetabular angle of Anteversion (Men=___ deg, Women = ___ deg)

A
  • 45 degrees

- Men = 14 degrees, Women = 19 degrees

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16
Q

What are 4 important spaces, canals, and foramens?

A
  • Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvis
  • Greater sciatic foramen (above/below piriformis)
  • Lesser sciatic foramen
  • Obturator canal
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17
Q

What is a good way to remember the structures that pass through the inguinal ligament and pelvis?

A

-NAVL (nerve, artery, vein, lymphatic)

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18
Q

Hip Stability:

  • Contact area of articulating surfaces > ___ sphere.
  • Labrum
  • _______ effect
  • ______ capsule
  • Strong ligamentous structures
  • _________ ligament of acetabulum
  • Joint angles
  • _________ stability
A
  • 1/2 sphere
  • vacuum effect
  • thick capsule
  • transverse ligament
  • muscular stability
19
Q

Arthrology-HIP:

  • Femoral Head:
    • Spheroidal (or slightly ovoid)
    • Covered by ___ (except ligamentum teres)
    • Contacts on ____________ surface
  • Acetabular Surface:
    • ________ surface.
    • Incomplete ring (transverse acetabular ligament).
    • Contacts on ____________ margin.
    • Deficient __________ (opposite acetabular notch).
    • Acetabular fossa contains acetabular fat.
A
  • AC
  • anteriolateral
  • Lunate
  • anteriosuperior margin
  • inferiorly
20
Q

Labrum:

  • ____________ rim attached to the acetabular margin.
  • Stressed with ___________ loading.
  • What is the purpose of the labrum?
A
  • Fibrocartilaginous rim
  • compressive
  • Deepens the acetabulum. Bridges acetabular notch for static restraint, proprioceptive info, and has free nerve endings.
21
Q

Labrum:

  • What portion of the labrum is vascularized?
  • It is innervated and branches from nerve to quads and obturator nerve for ______/______ception.
A
  • Outer 1/3 vascularized, Inner 2/3 avascular

- nociception/proprioception

22
Q

Hip Joint Capsule:

  • Thickest ____________.
  • Vascularized (carry vessels to femoral head, neck, labrum)
  • Strengthened by ___________ of the hip.
A
  • anteriosuperiorly

- ligaments

23
Q

What are the (3) main ligaments of the hip?

A
  • Iliofemoral Ligament
  • Pubofemoral Ligament
  • shiofemoral Ligament
24
Q

Which ligament is triangular in shape, has its base at the iliopubic eminence/superior pubic ramus/obturator crest/obturator membrane, and distal at deep fibers of medial iliofemoral ligament?

A

-Pubofemoral Ligament

25
Q

Which ligament is a strong, inverted “Y” that is located at the anterior hip between the AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line?

A

-Iliofemoral Ligament

26
Q

Which ligament is located posteriorly and hass 3 parts (central, lateral and medial) that wind around femoral neck?

A

-Ischiofemoral Ligament

27
Q

During flexion of the hip the ischio/pubo/iliofemoral ligaments are all _________, creating instability of the hip in this position.

A

-slackened

28
Q

During extension of the hip, the ischio/pubo/iliofemoral ligaments are all _______, which helps to check __________ tilt of the pelvis.

A

-taut, posterior tilt

29
Q

During adduction of the hip, the ischiofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments become ________ while the pubofemoral ligament is _________.

A
  • taut

- slackened

30
Q

During abduction of the hip, the ischiofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments become ______ while the pubofemoral ligament is _______.

A
  • slackened

- taut

31
Q
  • During ER, the _____ ligaments are tautened.

- During IR, the _______ ligaments are tautened.

A
  • anterior

- posterior

32
Q

What are (2) other ligaments of the hip?

A
  • Transverse Acetabular Ligament

- Ligamentum Teres

33
Q

The ____________ ligament is continuous with the labrum and forms foramen for entry of vasculature/nerves.

A

-Transverse Acetabular

34
Q

The _____________ is attached at the fovea on femoral head and acetabular notch and provides tensile loading with partial flexion and adduction and is slackened in abduction.

A

-Ligamentum Teres

35
Q

Ligaments are in a slackened position in hip _______ vs neutral positioning.

A

-flexion

36
Q

Hip Musculature:

  • Psoas Major = ___-___
  • Psoas Minor = ____
  • Iliacus = ___-___
  • Sartorius = ___-___
  • Quadriceps Femoris = ___-____
  • TFL = ____-___
  • Gracilis = ___-___
A
  • Psoas Major L1-3
  • Psoas Minor L1
  • Iliacus L1-4
  • Sartoruius L2,3
  • Quadruceps Femoris L2,3,4
  • TFL L4,5
  • Gracillis L2,3
37
Q

Psoas Major:

  • :Location: anterior to quadratus, running oblique course __________ following the pelvic rim.
  • Origin: ______ of lumbar vertebrae, T12-L5 bodies and IV disc
  • Insertion: Tip of _____________
  • Innervated by ventral rami ___-___
A
  • anteriolaterally
  • TP
  • lesser trochanter
  • L1-L2
38
Q

Hip Musculature:
Pectineus = ___-___
Glut Max = ___-___
Semitendinosus (tibial division ___-___)
Semimembranosus (tibial division ___-___)
Biceps Femoris (long head tibial portion L5-S2; short head common fibular portion L5-S2)

A
  • Pectineus L2,3,4
  • Glut Max L5-S2
  • Semitendinosus (tibial division L5-S2)
  • Semimembranosus (tibial division L5-S2)
  • Biceps Femoris (long head tibial portion L5-S2; short head common fibular portion L5-S2)
39
Q

Hip Musculature:

  • Adductor Longus __-__
  • Adductor Brevis __-__
  • Adductor Magnus __-__
A
  • Adductor Longus L2,3,4
  • Adductor Brevis L2,3,4
  • Adductor Magnus L2,3,4
40
Q

Hip Musculature:

  • Gluteus Medius __-__
  • Gluteus Minimus __-__
  • Obturator Internus
  • Gemellus Superior
  • Gemellus Inferior
  • Piriformis
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus __-__
A
  • Gluteus Medius L5/S1
  • Gluteus Minimus L5/S1
  • Obturator Internus
  • Gemellus Superior
  • Gemellus Inferior
  • Piriformis
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus L3,4
41
Q

Biokinematics (AROM):

  • Flexion =
  • Extension =
  • IR =
  • ER =
  • Abd =
  • Add =
A
  • Flexion = 120
  • Extension = 20
  • IR = 30-40
  • ER = 45-60
  • Abd = 45
  • Add = 30
42
Q

Biokinematics (PROM):

  • Flexion =
  • Extension =
  • IR =
  • ER =
  • Abd =
  • Add =
A
  • Flexion = <145
  • Extension = <30
  • IR = 30-40
  • ER = 45-60
  • Abd = 45
  • Add = 30
43
Q

What is the resting position of the hip?

A
  • 30 degrees flexion
  • 30 degrees abduction
  • slight ER
44
Q

What is the closed pack position of the hip?

A

-full extension with abduction and IR

S6- MSK 2 (21 decks)

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