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2) Neuro > Week 5: Fxnl Histology & Pain > Flashcards

Week 5: Fxnl Histology & Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Fxn of pyramidal cells

A

Excitatory motor cells

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2
Q

Betz Cells

A

Pyramidal cells in the motor cortex that connect w/AMN’s to produce movement

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3
Q

Fxn of non-pyramidal cells

A

Inhibitory sensory cells

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4
Q

What are the layers of the neocortex & the included cell types?

A

1) Molecular Layer–>Apical dendrites & horizontal axons
2) External Granular Layer–>Pyramidal stellates
3) External Pyramidal Layer–>Pyramidal, Non-pyramidal, & Cortical Efferents
4) Internal Granular Layer–>Stellate, Pyramidal, Intrahemispheric, & Thalamocortical Afferents
5) Internal Pyramidal Layer–>Betz cells & subcortical efferents
6) Polymorphic Layer–>Pyramidals, Fusiforms, & Corticothalamic Efferents

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5
Q

What do association fibers connect?

A

Lobes of one hemisphere (Ipsilateral)

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6
Q

What do commissural fibers connect?

A

Contralateral hemisphere

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7
Q

What does the corpus collosum connect?

A

Contralateral frontal, parietal, & occipital lobes

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8
Q

What does the anterior commisure connect?

A

Temporal lobes & olfactory tracts

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9
Q

Where is the posterior commisure located?

A

Above the collicular bodies

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10
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Connect different levels of the CNS

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11
Q

What creates the internal, external, & extreme capsules?

A

Efferent axons of descending projection fibers

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12
Q

Superior & inferior Occipitofrontal Fasciculi

A

Connects ipsilateral frontal & occipital lobes; Located just above the corpus callosum

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13
Q

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

A

Between frontal & occipital lobes

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14
Q

Inferior Longitudinal Fasciciulus

A

Between occipital & temporal lobes

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15
Q

Cingulum

A

Follows the cingulate gyrus

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16
Q

True or False: All parts of the brain connect to the cingulum in some capacity.

A

True

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17
Q

Fornix

A

Connects hippocampal gyrus to the mamillary bodies & septal nuclei

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18
Q

What does the posterior commissure connect?

A

Tectal nuclei for pupillary reflexes

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19
Q

Where is a very common place for damage to occur in stroke pt’s?

A

Internal Capsule

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20
Q

True or False: The internal capsule contains both ascending & descending projection fibers.

A

True

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21
Q

What makes up the anterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Corticopontine & corticolimbic fibers

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22
Q

What makes up the genu of the internal capsule?

A

Corticobulbar fibers

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23
Q

What makes up the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Corticopontine, Corticospinal, Medial Lemniscal, & Spinothalamic Fibers

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24
Q

What are the primary blood suppliers of the internal capsule?

A
  • MCA
  • ACA
  • Anterior Communicating Artery
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25
Where is the primary vision area?
Along the calcarine sulcus
26
Visual Agnosia
Can see, but can't interpret it
27
Fxn of Primary Somatosensory Area
Discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects
28
Fxn of Somatosensory Association Area
Stereognosis & tactile/spatial memory
29
Fxn of Visual Association Area
Analyzes motion, color, & control of visual fixation
30
Fxn of Primary Auditory Area
Conscious discrimination of volume & pitch
31
Fxn of Primary Visual Area
Distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size, & location of objects
32
Fxn of Primary Vestibular Area
Discriminates among head positions & head movements
33
Fxn of Primary Motor Cortex
Controls voluntary movements
34
Fxn of Premotor Area
Trunk control + girdle muscles & anticipatory postural adjustments
35
Fxn of Supplementary Motor Area
Initiation of movement, orientation, planning, bimanual, & sequential movements
36
Fxn of Broca's Area
Motor programming for speech
37
Fxn of Area Opposite Broca's
Planning of non-verbal communication
38
What happens w/damage to the primary somatosensory area?
Loss of tactile localization & conscious proprioception
39
What happens w/damage to the primary auditory area?
Loss of sound localization
40
What happens w/damage to the primary visual area?
Homonymous Hemianopia
41
What happens w/damage to the primary vestibular area?
Change in awareness of head position & movement
42
What happens w/damage to the primary motor cortex?
* Paresis * Loss of motor control * Spastic dysarthria
43
Spastic Dysarthria
Problems w/physical production of speech
44
Fxn of Prefrontal Association Area
Goal-oriented behavior & self-awareness
45
Fxn's of Parietotemporal Association Area
* Sensory integration * Problem solving * Understanding language * Spatial relationships
46
Fxn's of Limbic Association Area
* Emotion * Motivation * Personality * Processing of memory
47
What happens w/damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal association area?
Loss of executive fxn's & divergent thinking
48
What happens w/damage to the parietotemporal association area in the nondominant hemisphere?
Neglect &/or difficulty understanding non-verbal communication
49
What happens w/damage to the limbic association area?
Personality & emotional disturbances
50
Neuropathic Pain
Change of interpretation of pain signals
51
Atinociception
Decr pain impulses
52
Pronociception
Incr pain impulses
53
Dyesthesia
Not a painful stimulus, just unpleasant
54
Allodynia
Sensation of pain to a nonpainful stimulus
55
Hyperalgesia
Heightened sensitivity to painful stimuli
56
What does the periaquaductal gray secrete?
Endorphins
57
Explain why referred pain happens
The nerve from an organ synapses in the same lamina as the nerve for another part of the body & the brain recognizes the info as 1 input
58
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Impaired sympathetic regulation of blood flow, sweat, & sensitivity so the cortex reorganizes
59
Explain the gate theory of pain
Another sensation can block pain transmission
60
Explain stress induced antinociception
Stress can trigger brainstem inhibtion of nociception during unusual events
61
Neuroma
Tangle in a nerve
62
What can neuropathic pain arise from?
Abn neural activity in the PNS, CNS, or dorsal horn
63
Explain ectopic pain
Kind of like ectopic foci in the heart
64
Explain ephatic trasmission
Non-painful stimulus jumps between 2 adjacent neurons so you perceive touch as pain

2) Neuro (12 decks)

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