Week 3: CNS Blood & CSF Circulation Flashcards
Anterior Spinal Artery
Runs through the anterior median fissure & supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
At the brainstem runs up the midline, splits into L & R, & then anastamoses w/the vertebral arteries
Posterior Spinal Arteries
Run through the posterior median septums & supplies the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord
Vertebral Arteries
Branches of the subclavian arteries & gives rise to the anterior spinal arteries, posterior spinal arteries, & posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Supplies the upper spinal cord
Posterior Intercostal Branch of the Thoracic Aorta
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Lumbar Branch of the Aorta
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Anterior Spinal Veins
Runs through the anterior median fissure
Posterior Spinal Veins
Runs through the posterior median sulcus
Anterior & Posterior Radicular Veins
Run horizontally of the sides of the spinal cord similar to the way the spinal nerve roots do & come together to form the spinal vein
Dura Mater
Outermost layer; Toughest
Arachnoid Mater
Middle Layer
Has arachnoid villi (form arachnoid granulations)–>Pierce the dura & go into venous sinuses
Allow CSF to flow into the sinuses
Pia Mater
Innermost layer
Attached to the arachnoid except at the dural sinuses
Has falx cerebri
Internal Carotid Artery
Branches into the posterior communicating artery & middle cerebral artery
Enters the skill through the temporal bones
Provides blood supply to most of the cerebrum
Posterior Communicating Artery
Branches off the internal carotid artery & runs to the posterior cerebral artery
Anterior Choroidal Artery
Comes off the internal carotid artery right before ICA curves into the middle cerebral artery & runs along the bottom of the _______
Supplies the choroid plexus, optic tract, basal ganglia, lateral geniculate, & internal capsule
Middle Cerebral Artery
Runs along the side of the temporal lobe & into the lateral sulcus
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Runs in between the olfactory nerves along the medial edges of each hemisphere & then sweeps up & back above the corpus callosum
Supplies the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, & corpus callosum
Anterior Communicating Artery
Connects anterior cerebral arteries together
Pericallosal Artery
Branches off the anterior cerebral artery & runs along the top of the corpus callosum
Callosomarginal Artery
Branches off the anterior cerebral artery & runs along the top of what looks like the limbic lobe
Circle of Willis
Anastomotic ring of 9 arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum; 6 large arteries anastamose w/3 small communicating arteries
Can provide alternate circulation routes if one portion is blocked
Posterior Communicating Arteries
Link the internal carotid arteries w/the posterior cerebral artery
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Stems off the superior aspect of the basilar artery & wraps around the midbrain
Eventually splits into the temporal artery, calcarine artery, parieto-occipital artery, & posterior choroidal artery
Supplies the midbrain (primary source), occipital lobes, & medial inferior temporal lobes
What arteries make up the circle of willis?
Anterior Cerebral Arteries Anterior Communicating Arteries Internal Carotid Arteries Posterior Cerebral Arteries Posterior Communicating Arteries
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
Comes off the vertebral artery & goes along the inferior aspect of the cerebellum
Basilar Artery
Forms when the vertebral arteries come together; Runs along the midline of the pons & then splits superiorly into the posterior cerebral arteries
Supplies the pons & cerebellum
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
Stems off the basilar artery (2nd)
Labyrinthine Arteries
Branches off the from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Pontine Arteries
3rd & 4th arteries to branch off the basilar artery
Superior Cerebellar Artery
Next to last artery to branch off the basilar artery
Lateral Ventricles
On top
Biggest
1 in each hemisphere
Has a body, atrium, & ant/post/inf horns
3rd Ventricle
Narrow slit in the midline of the diencephalon
Walls are the thalamus & hypothalamus
4th Ventricle
In between the pons & cerebellum
Drains into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Luschka & Foramen of Magendie
Cerebral Aqueduct
Connects the 3rd & 4th ventricles
Central Canal
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Cisterna Magna
Under the cerebellum & between that & the medulla
Pontine Cistern
Below the pons
Interpeduncular Cisterns
Superior to the pons; Kind of posterior to the infundibulum/hypothalamus
Cistern of the Optic Chiasm
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Cistern of the Lamina Terminalis
Anterior to the hypothalamus
Turns into the cistern of the corpus callosum
Cistern of the Corpus Callosum
Runs all around the corpus callosum
Superior Cistern/Cistern of the Great Cerebral Vein
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Cisterna Ambians
Superior Cistern + Subarachnoid space around the lateral midbrain
Cistern of the Lateral Sulcus
Where fluid pools in the lateral sulcus
Lumbar Cistern
Space after SC shortens
Contains the cauda equina
Where LP is done into the subarachnoid space
Hydrocephalus
Too much CSF gets produced, not enough gets absorbed, or circulation is blocked
Cause by CP in overdrive or Foramen of Magendie can pinch off CSF flow
What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the basilar artery?
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What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the anterior communicating artery?
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What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?
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What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the superior cerebellar artery?
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What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery?
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What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the cerebral aqueduct?
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What arteries & venous systems keep the basal ganglia healthy?
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What roles do the cisterns play?
Fill space where dura doesn’t lay flat & is where CSF collects
Describe how blood vessels & CSF are integrated in the brain.
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Septum Pellucidum
Separates the R & L lateral ventricles
Name the lobes in which the areas of the lateral ventricles are:
* Anterior Horn * Body * Posterior Horn * Inferior Horn * Atrium (Trigone)
Anterior Horn=Frontal Lobe
Body=Frontal & Parietal Lobes
Posterior Horn=Occipital Lobe
Inferior Horn=Temporal Lobe
Atrium (Trigone)=Junction of body, Posterior Horn, & Inferior Horn
What structures make up the roof, walls, & floor of the lateral ventricles?
Corpus Callosum=Roof
Caudate Nucleus=Lateral Wall
Septum Pellucidum=Medial Wall
Hippocampus=Floor (of interior horn)
Arachnoid Granulations
Outgrowings of arachnoid tissue that pierce the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus; Serve as a 1-way passage into the sinus for CSF
What does the glymphatic system do?
Absorbs nutrients out of the deep tissues, which then get pulled into the venous system
Fxns of CSF
Spatial buffering for heartbeats, masses, etc, Regulates EC(brain)F for nutrient & waste removal, & is a route of hormone transport
What does the falx cerebri anchor to?
Crista Galli anteriorly & blends w/the Tentorium Cerebelli posterioly
