Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ortho Eval > Week 5 - Fracture Management > Flashcards

Week 5 - Fracture Management Flashcards

1
Q

name the most common type of fracture for all ages.

A

distal radius fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 5 risk factors of fractures.

A
  • trauma
  • increasing life span
  • race
  • comorbidities -osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

loss of bone continuity; force exceeds tissue strength

A

fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ begins at time of injury.

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vascular disruption can lead to ____.

A

necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • caused by immobility
  • starts with uncorrected skeletal deformities, acute pain and persistent edema
  • leads to progressive stiffness, tendon adhesions, muscle atrophy, pain, loss of function
A

fracture disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Energy sufficient to fracture bone must pass through ___ ___.

A

soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 4 examples of soft tissue that energy must pass through to fracture bone.

A
  • ligament
  • volar plate (fingers)
  • tendons
  • skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the most common complication of hand fractures?

A

joint contracture and tendon adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

t/f - soft tissue can be severely damaged in both open and closed fractures.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-site protection and clearance
-healing process begins
0-2 weeks

A

inflammation stage of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

-scaffold for new bone
-soft to hard
-fluffy opacity on x-ray
2-3 weeks

A

callus formation of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • bridging by cartilage/immature bone
  • fracture stable but weak
  • 4-6 weeks
A

union stage of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • all callus replaced by bone
  • immature bone becomes lamellar bone
  • bone secure
  • 6-8 weeks
A

consolidation stage of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • continued osteoblast/osteoclast activity
  • reshaping to best density and shape
  • 1-2 years
A

remodeling stage of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the first soft tissue that protects PIP joints? (very important to look at in finger fractures)

A

volar plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • direct or contact healing
  • when vasculature is intact
  • cortical contact
  • fracture fixation provides compression
  • bone grows directly across compression and heals without callus
  • 5-6 weeks for bone to close
A

primary method of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the main components of the primary method of healing.

A
  • there is compression

- no callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • when motion across fracture site is limited but not eliminated
  • callus or indirect healing
  • motion is required for secondary healing and promotes callus
  • wires, rods, external fixation
  • they do not compress fracture gap
A

secondary method of fracture healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 3 main components of the secondary method of healing.

A
  • callus
  • does not compress fracture gap
  • motion is limited but not eliminated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name 3 factors that contribute to predictable variability of fracture healing.

A
  • location
  • nature of fracture
  • type of fixation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fractures from high impact/force heal more slowly due to what?

A

soft tissue and vascular damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

open fractures heal slower due to what?

A

soft tissue and bone loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chronic bone infection

A

osteomyelitis

25
name 5 risk factors for delayed fracture healing.
- diabetes - smoking - long term steroid use - NSAID - poor nutrition
26
name 3 effects of immobilization on muscle
- decrease of muscle strength - increase fatigue during work - atrophy begins in 1-3 days
27
once atrophy begins, when is loss of muscle mass greatest?
within next 5 days
28
what % of decrease in muscle fiber size (atrophy) occurs 72 hours after immobilization?
14-17% decrease
29
which method of healing is ORIF plate and screws?
primary (compresses)
30
OTs must remember what 3 things with fracture management?
- bone - soft tissue - scar healing
31
overall goal to restore functional abilities of pt.
rehabilitation
32
with most fractures there will be a period of ____.
immobility
33
name 6 components of OT evals for fractures.
- wound, skin, scar - pain - ROM - strength - MMT, grip, pinch - hand function (dexterity) - ADLs/work
34
what type of ROM should you use for pts affected joint(s)?
AROM
35
which types of ROM should you use for joints above and below fracture?
AROM and PROM
36
name 5 OT fracture guiding principles/considerations.
1. is fracture stable? 2. is fracture healing 3. closed or open reduction? 4. is edema under control? 5. are tendons gliding?
37
describe the goals of the immobilization phase of fracture treatment.
- protect healing structures - control pain and edema - ROM uninvolved parts - complications - NO thermal modalities during inflammatory phase
38
how long is the immobilization phase?
4-6 weeks (may be shorter)
39
should thermal modalities be used during the inflammatory phase?
NO
40
describe the goals of the motion phase of fracture treatment.
- manage pain, edema, wound, skin, scar - controlled motion (AROM to PROM) - light functional activities - monitor tissue response - wean from orthosis
41
describe the goals of the strengthening phase of fracture treatment.
- increase ROM to functional levels - add PROM, stretch, joint mobilization, orthosis to mobilize joint. - increase muscle strength and endurance - moderate to heave tasks
42
describe the goals of the late phase of fracture treatment.
- work conditioning - functional capacity eval if necessary - return to play, sports, leisure
43
what should be part of treatment in all phases of fracture treatment?
pt. education!
44
name a protection rehab intervention for fractures.
- orthotics: plaster, fiberglass, thermoplastics - immobilize NECESSARY joint - prescribed by MD
45
name 3 pain rehab interventions for fracture treatment.
- PAMs - cold, heat, e-stim - myofascial release - massage
46
name 5 edema rehab interventions for fracture treatment.
- elevation - compression - ACTIVE exercise - MEM - cryotherapy
47
name 2 wound/scar rehab interventions for fracture healing.
- at pin sites or incision site. | - scar remodeling - manual mobilization, ultrasound, elastomer
48
name 4 ROM rehab interventions for fracture treatment.
- AROM, AAROM, PROM - full arc of motion - not partial - isolate target joint(s) - may be combined with - heat, stretch and AROM
49
name 2 orthotics rehab interventions for fracture treatment.
- once healing sufficient to apply stress to improve certain motions with MD ok! - orthosis usually dynamic or static progressive
50
motion before ___.
strength
51
for closed reduction fractures, you will wait longer to begin ___.
AROM
52
name the 3 progressive steps of strength interventions.
1. motion 2. strength 3. endurance
53
name 4 factors that may delay healing.
- infection - continued edema - other comorbidities - pain
54
name 2 modalities that are used in edema treatments.
- NMES | - cold
55
name 3 different types of fists used to determine if tendons are gliding.
- full fist - hook fist - flat fist
56
which method of healing is a cast?
secondary (slight movement on fracture sight)
57
In closed reduction cases, you will wait longer to begin ___.
AROM
58
name 3 factors to consider in the sub-acute phase of a healed fracture.
- edema - now may be brawny - limited ROM - PROM to involved joints, careful passive stretching - decreased strength
59
name the 4 steps of the "treatment hour" during a session.
1. warm up - heat, massage, getting ready for treatment session 2. hands-on period - using your hands to help pt., passive range, stretching, massage, helping them move 3. independent period - pt. works on their own 4. cool down - Q&A, cold packs, going over home program

Ortho Eval (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions