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Ortho Eval > Week 3 - Physical Agent Modalities in OT > Flashcards

Week 3 - Physical Agent Modalities in OT Flashcards

1
Q

procedure & interventions that are systematically applied to modify client factors that may limit occupational performance; uses various forms of energy to modulate pain, modify tissue healing, increase tissue extensibility, modify skin and scar tissue, decrease edema, and decrease inflammation.

A

PAMs

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2
Q

Name 3 conditions that PAMs are useful for.

A
  • soft tissue injury
  • acute/chronic pain
  • impaired muscle function
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3
Q

Are PAMs used in OT as an exclusive therapeutic intervention without application to occupational performance?

A

NO

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4
Q

PAMs are to be used by OTs before or after ___ ___ that ultimately enhance engagement in occupations.

A

therapeutic activities

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5
Q

PAMs

A

interventions that produce a response in soft tissue through the use of light, water, temperature, sound or electricity.

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6
Q

Name 3 categories of PAMs.

A
  • thermal
  • electromagnetic
  • mechanical
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7
Q

Is the selection, application and adjustment of PAMs an entry level OT skill?

A

NO

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8
Q

OTs who use PAMs must ____ theoretical and technical knowledge.

A

document

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9
Q

OTs must adhere to ___ or institutional rules/guidelines.

A

state

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10
Q

What is the goal of PAMs?

A

to produce a response in soft tissue that has been injured.

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11
Q
  • predictable overlapping sequence of events

- cellular activity - phagocytosis, neovascularization, biosynthesis of reparative collagen

A

wound healing

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12
Q

Wound healing can be impeded by ____.

A

infection

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13
Q

inflammatory response remains at ____ ____.

A

wound edges

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14
Q

tensile strength ___ reaches pre-injury status

A

NEVER

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15
Q

Name the 3 phases of wound healing.

A

In Front of Me

  1. Inflammatory phase
  2. Fibroblastic/Proliferative phase
  3. Maturation (Scar remodeling) phase
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16
Q
  • initial response to injury that is vascular and cellular
  • goals of this phase: defend against alien substances, dispose of dead and dying tissue
  • prepare tissue for repair process.
  • 24-48 hours, completed in 7 days.
A

Inflammatory phase

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17
Q

What is the goal of the inflammatory phase?

A

to not disrupt healing process

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18
Q
  • follows phagocytosis
  • collagen deposition
  • granulation tissue formation
  • begins day 5, completed 2-3 weeks
A

proliferative (fibroblastic) phase

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19
Q
  • balance of collagen breakdown and formation
  • scar becomes more elastic, smoother, stronger
  • 2 weeks to 1 year
A

maturation (remodeling) phase

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20
Q

Name the 4 primary effects of superficial heat.

A
  • analgesic
  • vascular
  • metabolic
  • improvement in properties of collagen and extensibility of tissue.
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21
Q

Analgesic

A

heat acts on nerve endings

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22
Q

vascular

A

heat decreases muscle spasms

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23
Q

metabolic

A

increased blood flow from heat helps tissue repair

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24
Q

What is a general requirement for PAM use in the clinic?

A

-MD prescription is required!

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25
Q

Name 3 methods of temperature transfer used for thermal PAMs.

A
  • conduction
  • convection
  • conversion
26
Q

the transfer of energy from a warmer substance to a colder one through direct contact, such as someone touching the handle of a hot metal skillet.

A

thermal conduction

27
Q

the heat transfer mechanism in which no medium is required. refers to the movement of heat in waves, as it does not need molecules to travel through. the object need not be in direct contact with one another to transmit heat.

A

radiation (conversion)

28
Q

a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, bc it involves those liquids or gases physically moving.

A

convection

29
Q

When does convection happen?

A

when there is a different in temperature btwn 2 parts of a liquid or gas. the hot part of a fluid rises and the cooler part sinks.

30
Q

means of delivering moist, superficial heat to the patient. filled with silicone gel and kept in tank of H20 at 170 degrees.

A

hot packs

31
Q

cold is indicated in the acute stage of injury as well as for the prevention of swelling after exercise.

A

cold/ice packs

32
Q

Name 3 effects of hot packs.

A
  • increase blood flow
  • increase extensibility
  • decrease muscle spasms
33
Q

Which stage of injury are cold packs used for?

A

acute stage of injury

34
Q

What are cold packs used to prevent?

A

swelling after exercise

35
Q

Name 2 contraindications of hot packs.

A
  • acute inflammation

- acute injury - could increase edema

36
Q

mixed with oil at a ratio of 7:1 and kept at 125 degrees. has a low specific heat, so it is UNABLE to deliver as much heat per gram as H20, therefore it feels cooler at a higher temperature.

A

paraffin

37
Q

Name the 4 essential steps to do immediately after injury.

A 
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
38
Q

immersion of body segment into cold then warm water alternately.

A

contrast baths

39
Q
  • good for later in treatment

- never put it directly on skin

A

ice/cold packs

40
Q

Name 4 contraindications of cold packs.

A
  • cardiac issues
  • respiratory issues
  • circulatory issues
  • nerve injuries
41
Q
  • heat modality

- helps with joint stiffness

A

paraffin

42
Q

Name 4 contraindications of parrafin.

A
  • acute injury
  • open wound
  • infection
  • loss of heat sensation
43
Q

Name 1 contraindication for contrast baths.

A

-circulatory problems

44
Q

a dry heat in which heat is transferred to the UE by swirling mixture of air and small particles at a temperature of 118 degrees.

A

fluidotherapy

45
Q
  • heating by convection
  • dry heat transfer to UE
  • OT can regulate temp and airflow
  • pts. like it bc they can move and get the heat.
  • can tone down the air.
A

fluidotherapy

46
Q

Name 2 contraindications of fluidotherapy.

A
  • vascular disease

- anesthetic (can’t feel proper sensation)

47
Q

swirling warm water in metal tank which come in a variety of sizes for different body parts. usually cleansing agent in water, best for wound healing.

A

whirpool

48
Q
  • good wound healing characteristics
  • swirling warm water
  • not used a lot anymore
A

whirpool

49
Q

electrical energy is converted into acoustic energy

A

ultrasound

50
Q

-increases collagen sensibility and blood flow but could also increase inflammation

A

ultrasound

51
Q

for the conservative management of acute or chronic pain, used for pain management

A

TENS

52
Q

uses a current and blocks sensation

A

Gate control theory (TENS)

53
Q

Name the 2 theories involved with TENS.

A
  • Gate control theory

- Endorphin theory

54
Q

stimulates one’s own pain regulators which take over when machine stops.

A

Endorphin theory

55
Q

an electric current that can be used for: muscle strengthening, muscle re-eductation, ROM exercises, orthotic substitution

A

NMES

56
Q

mechanical device that applies continuous reciprocal passive joint motion. control range, rate and force of movement.

A

Continuous Passive ROM (CPM)

57
Q

Name 4 thermal modalities by CONDUCTION.

A
  • hot packs
  • cold/ice packs
  • paraffin
  • contrast baths
58
Q

Name 2 thermal modalities by CONVECTION.

A
  • fluidotherapy

- whirlpool

59
Q

Name 1 thermal modalities by conversion.

A

-ultrasound

60
Q

Name 3 electrical modalities.

A
  • TENS
  • NMES
  • CPM

Ortho Eval (24 decks)

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