Week 11 - Ergonomics

Question 1

• science of people at work
• concerned with the problem of how to fit the job to a persons anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics in such a way to enhance human efficiency and well-being.

Answer 1

ergonomics

Question 2

name 6 primary risk factors for work injuries.

Answer 2

• posture
• repetition
• force
• contact stress
• vibration
• environmental

Question 3

focused, sustained, or suddenly applied with compressive force

Answer 3

contact stress

Question 4

condition that is a result of chronic repetitive use of the UE or LE which may involve high force, high repetition, vibration, awkward posture, or a combination of the above

Answer 4

cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)

Question 5

incidences of cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) have ___ since 1984.

Answer 5

tripled

Question 6

name 4 ways to prevent CTD.

Answer 6

• job/ergonomic analysis
• job rotation
• frequent work breaks
• functional capacity eval.

Question 7

CTD among ___ ___ is 1/2 of all related injuries.

Answer 7

keyboard (computer) usage

Question 8

researchers suggest that which positions are a predisposing factor for CTD?

Answer 8

extreme and repetitive wrist deviations (particularly those involving ulnar and/or radial deviation and extension)

Question 9

what is the most common risk factor for CTD?

Answer 9

repeated and sustained exertions

Question 10

cause tendon displacement and median nerve stressed and compressed (ex: CTS)

Answer 10

wrist flexion/extension

Question 11

cause thumb tendons displaced (ex: DeQuervain’s)

Answer 11

wrist ulnar/radial deviation

Question 12

upper traps tightness

Answer 12

shoulder elevation

Question 13

traction of ulnar nerve

Answer 13

elbow flexion

Question 14

stress on small finger joints

Answer 14

pinching

Question 15

cervical symptoms can lead to distal problems

Answer 15

neck flexion

Question 16

rhythmic alternation of contraction and extension, tension and relaxation (blood flow through a muscle)

Answer 16

dynamic effort

Question 17

prolonged state of contraction of muscles, implies postural stance (ex: computer usage) (blood flow is obstructed)

Answer 17

static effort

Question 18

name 2 types of muscular effort.

Answer 18

• dynamic effort

- static effort

Question 19

repeated ___ ___ can lead to damage of joints, ligaments and tendons.

Answer 19

static efforts

Question 20

inflammatory and degenerative processes in the overloaded tissues

Answer 20

musculoskeletal disorders

Question 21

• overuse/overexertion of muscle/body system is experienced as a muscle cramp
• amount is related to the amount and duration of work

Answer 21

muscle fatigue

Question 22

short lived, localized to muscles and tendons, pain disappears when static load is relieved.

Answer 22

reversible symptoms

Question 23

localized to strained muscles and tendons, affects joints and adjacent tissues; pain does not stop when work is relived, leads to inflammatory and degenerative processes in overloaded tissues.

Answer 23

persistent symptoms

Question 24

name 4 most common injuries associated with CTD.

Answer 24

• muscle fatigue
• tendon disorders
• nerve compressions
• myofascial pain

Question 25

- entrapment occurs in specific anatomic areas where nerves pass under a restrictive pulley or retinacular restraint that produces compression - inflammatory changes resulting in thickening of the tendon or nerve sheaths - pain, numbness, tingling, electricity, burning and weakness

Answer 25

nerve compression syndromes

Question 26

- overuse of muscles cause hyperirritability, the focal point of which is the trigger point - trigger points - local inflammatory response, muscular hardness, local ischemia, and connective tissue irritation - generalized diffuse pain and weakness - consider when tendinitis treatment failed

Answer 26

myofascial pain

Question 27

name 4 types of pain.

Answer 27

- complex regional pain syndrome - myofascial pain syndrome - fibrositis - fibromyalgia

Question 28

what is an intervention for a flexed/rotated neck regarding computer/office ergonomics?

Answer 28

document holder

Question 29

what is an intervention for a flexed/extended wrist regarding computer/office ergonomics?

Answer 29

adjust keyboard

Question 30

what is an intervention for an extended forearm reach regarding computer/office ergonomics?

Answer 30

desk/chair height

Question 31

what is an intervention for contact stresses (edges of desk, chair, and keyboard) regarding computer/office ergonomics?

Answer 31

padded wrist/forearm rests

Question 32

name an intervention for repetition - high pace and rapid motion regarding computer/office ergonomics.

Answer 32

breaks, decrease stress

Question 33

name an intervention for static exertions - shoulders, neck, arms, or upper back regarding computer/office ergonomics.

Answer 33

breaks, change posture

Question 34

name an intervention for force exertions - key strokes regarding computer/office ergonomics.

Answer 34

minimal amount of force

Question 35

how many inches should a back rest of a chair be above the seat?

Answer 35

20 inches

Question 36

an arm rest of a chair should be below how many inches of where the forearm would normally fall?

Answer 36

2 inches

Question 37

noise above how many decibels interferes with complex mental activities, skilled performance and interpretation of info?

Answer 37

90 decibels

Question 38

how long must a pt. stand for during a functional capacity evaluation (FCE)?

Answer 38

4 hours

Question 39

prolonged what can lead to a lot of injuries and even surgery?

Answer 39

ulnar deviation

Question 40

key striking can lead to what?

Answer 40

white fingertips

Question 41

static postures ___ ___.

Answer 41

reduce bloodflow

Question 42

implies acute

Answer 42

itis

Question 43

implies chronic

Answer 43

osis

Question 44

how do we minimize acute symptoms?

Answer 44

reduce symptoms, "band-aid"

Question 45

how do we minimize chronic symptoms?

Answer 45

change what pt. is doing

Question 46

- pain that person is experiencing doesn't seem to make sense - wiring is off - usually from trauma injuries - skin becomes shiny and tight

Answer 46

CRPS

Question 47

- chronic pain and chronic fatigue | - treatment can be psychosocial therapy

Answer 47

fibromyalgia

Question 48

how many inches do you want in between chair and popliteal fossa when sitting?

Answer 48

4 inches

Question 49

- work breaks | - every 30 mins get up and do something

Answer 49

ergobreaks