Week 5 Drugs

Question 0

Amyl Nitrite

Pharmacology and Actions
VC

Answer 0

• Vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant.

- converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin which combines with cyanide forming an non-toxic compound cyanmethemoglobin.

Question 1

Amyl Nitrite

Class

Answer 1

Nitrate

Question 2

Amyl Nitrite

Indications

Answer 2

Cyanide poisoning

Question 3

Amyl Nitrite

Contraindications

Answer 3

None when used to manage an acute cyanide poisoning

Question 4

Amyl Nitrite

Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 4

Headache/Dizziness 
Orthostatic vital signs 
Syncope
Tachycardia 
N/V

Question 5

Amyl Nitrite

Dosage

Answer 5

Adult
0.3ml ampule crushed every minute and inhaled for 15-30 seconds

Pedi
Same as adult

Question 6

Etomidate

Class

Answer 6

General anesthetic

Question 7

Etomidate

Pharmacology and Actions
UN

Answer 7

• ultra short non-barbiturate hypnotic anesthetic

- no analgesic effects and limited cardiovascular effects.

Question 8

Etomidate

Indications

Answer 8

First line anesthetic for rapid sequence induction intubation

Question 9

Etomidate

Contraindications

Answer 9

Hypersensitivity

Sepsis in pediatric patients

Question 10

Etomidate

Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 10

Hypertension
Tachycardia/Bradycardia
Apnea

Question 11

Etomidate

Dosage

Answer 11

Adult
0.1-0.3mg/kg IV over 15 to 30 seconds

Pediatric
Same as adult

Question 12

Glucagon

Class

Answer 12

Hormone, anti-hypoglycemic

Question 13

Glucagon

Pharmacology and Action
NRA

Answer 13

• Natural polypeptide hormone secreted by the pancreas.
• Released to breakdown stored glycogen to glucose and inhibit the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.
• Acts on receptor sites similar to those of epinephrine producing catecholamine like effects.

Question 14

Glucagon

Indications
TBC

Answer 14

To increase blood sugar levels in hypoglycemia without vascular accesses
Beta-blocker overdose
Calcium channel blocker overdose

Question 15

Glucagon

Contraindications
HO

Answer 15

• Hypersensitivity to glucagon or protein compound

- only effective if there are glycogen stored in the liver

Question 16

Glucagon

Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 16

Hypotension
Hyperglycemia
Headache/Dizziness
N/V

Question 17

Glucagon

Dosage

Answer 17

Adult
Hypoglycemia: 1.0 unit IM/SC (may repeat as needed 5-20 min)
Beta-blocker OD: 2-3units IV/IO over 2-5 min

Pediatric (less than 20kg)
Hypoglycemia: 0.5 units
Beta-blocker OD: 0.05units/kg over 2-5 min (not to exceed adult dose)

Pediatric (grater than 20kg)
Hypoglycemia: 1.0 units
Beta-blocker OD: same as above

Question 18

Heparin

Class

Answer 18

Anticoagulant

Question 19

Heparin

Pharmacology and Actions
HEB3x

Answer 19

• Heparin is a rapid onset anticoagulant.
• exerts direct effect on the blood coagulation by inhibitory actions of antithrombinIII
• blocks the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin to fibrin.

Question 20

Heparin

Indication

Answer 20

To prevent thrombus formation in acute MI

Question 21

Heparin

Contraindications

Answer 21

Active bleeding
Pregnancy
Hemophilia

Question 22

Heparin

Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 22

Spontaneous bleeding 
Hypertension 
Headache 
Nasal congestion 
Bronchospasm

Question 23

Heparin

Dosage

Answer 23

Adult
5000 units followed by 20,000 to 40,000 units IV over approximately 24 hr

Pediatrics
Not recommended for pediatrics

Question 24

Nitrous Oxide Class

Answer 24

General anesthetic and analgesic

Question 25

Nitrous Oxide Pharmacology and Actions

Answer 25

- Nitrous Oxide is a self administrated analgesic gas compound of 50% oxygen and 50% Nitrous Oxide. - effects last only 2-5 minutes after administration ceases.

Question 26

Nitrous Oxide | Indications BMIS

Answer 26

Burns Musculoskeletal injury/pain Ischemic chest pain Severe anxiety including hyperventilation

Question 27

Nitrous Oxide | Contraindications ACPB

Answer 27

ALOC COPD Pneumothorax Bowel obstruction

Question 28

Nitrous Oxide Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 28

Dizziness ALOC Hallucination N/V

Question 29

Nitrous Oxide Dosage

Answer 29

Adult Self administered until pain is relived or the PT drops the mask Pedi Same as adult

Question 30

Succinylcholine Class

Answer 30

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Question 31

Succinylcholine | Pharmacology and Action UW

Answer 31

Succinylcholine as an ultra short acting neuromuscular blocker -with a high liking for Ach receptor sites

Question 32

Succinylcholine | Indications FET

Answer 32

Facilitated endotracheal intubation

Question 33

Succinylcholine | Contraindications FGPLS

Answer 33

``` Family history of malignant hyperthermia Glaucoma Penetrating eye trauma Liver disease Significant burns older then 24 hours ```

Question 34

Succinylcholine Precautions and Side Effects

Answer 34

``` Bradycardia Malignant hyperthermia Tachycardia Hypo/hypertension Respiratory depression Sinus arrest ```

Question 35

Succinylcholine Dosage

Answer 35

Adult 1.0-1.5mg/kg/ IV/IM Pedi 1-2mg/kg IV/IM