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Paramedic Drugs > Week 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 2 Drugs Flashcards

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0
Q

Aspirin Pharmacology and actions

A

Aspirin produces a pain relief and reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. It decreases platelet aggregation.

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1
Q

Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Class

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, platelet inhibitor, anti-inflammatory

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2
Q

Aspirin indications

A

Inhibit platelet collection in the presence of chest pain suggestive of an acute myocardial infraction.

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3
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity
Active gastro-intestinal bleed
Acute asthma attack
Bleeding disorder

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4
Q

Aspirin precautions and side effects

A 
Nausea/vomiting 
Stomach pain
Gi bleeding
Dizziness 
Confusion
Tinnitus
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5
Q

Aspirin dosage

A

160-325 mg po

Not recommended for pediatric patients

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6
Q

Aspirin how supplied

A

81 mg chewable tablets

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7
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride class

A

Sympathomimetic

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8
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride pharmacology and actions

A

-Pecursor to norepinephrine an produce catecholamine.
-Stimulates alpha, beta and dopaminergic in a dose-dependent fashion.
Dose Effects
2-5 mcg/kg/min Dilates renal, mesenteries and cerebral arteries by dopaminergic receptor stimulation
5-10 mcg/kg/min Predominately beta and alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulating actions increasing cardiac output.
10-20 mcg/kg/min Increasingly alpha adrenergic receptors stimulating actions resulting in increased peripheral, renal and mesenteric arterial and venous vasoconstriction.

  • Doses higher than 20mcg/kg/min produce pure alpha receptor effects mimicking norepinephrine effects. For this reason if hypotension is refractory to dopamine either epinephrine infusion or dobutamine infusions are added.
  • Onset of actions: 1-2 min
  • Half life: 2 min
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9
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride indications

A

Cardiogenic shock (pulmonary edema with NON-HYPOVOLEMIC hypotension)
Anaphylaxis refractory to epinephrine and fluid boluses
Bradycardia refractory to atropine and pacing
Shock states with hemodynamically significant hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia (sepsis, neurogenic shock)
Crush injury

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10
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride contraindications

A

Should not be given for hemodynamically significant hypotension secondary to hypovolemia from blood loss or dehydration
Should not be given for hemodynamically significant hypotension secondary to third spacing fluids prior to sufficient replacement.

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11
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride precautions and side effects

A
  • Tachycardia, ectopic beats, nausea, vomiting, angina, palpitations, headache, and dyspena
  • High doses can cause hypertension requiring reduction in infusion rate
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12
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride dosage

A

Cardiogenic shock and bradycardia 5-10 mcg/kg/min
Anaphylaxis 20 mcg/kg/min
Crush syndrome 2 mcg/kg/min
Pediatric dosing is the same as adult dosing

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13
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride how supplied

A

400 mg in 5 ml solvent

Premix bags of 400 mg in 250 ml (1600mcg/ml)

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14
Q

Dopamine hydrochloride special notes

A

Extravasation (infiltration) of dopamine will cause tissue necrosis and sloughing. Notify hospital staff if iv with dopamine infiltrated so the hospital can begin treating the infiltrated area with phenotolamine.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (marplan, tranycypromine sulfate (paranate), phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) potentate the effects of dopamine. Patients receiving these drugs should receive 1/10th the usual dose.
Abrupt termination or rapid decreases in infusion rate may precipitate an acute hypotensive response. If it becomes necessary to decrease or discontinue a dopamine infusion it should be done gradually.

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15
Q

Midazolam versed class

A

Sedative/hypnotic

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16
Q

Midazolam Versed pharmacology and actions

A
  • Short acting parenteral benzodiazepine
  • CNS depressant
  • muscle relaxant
  • anticonvulsant
  • memory loss
17
Q

Midazolam Versed indications

A

Sedation prior to cardioversion/pacing/RSI

Seizure control

18
Q

Midazolam Versed contraindications

A 
Shock
Comatose patients 
Narrow angle-closure glaucoma 
Hypotension
Use cautiously in chf patients
19
Q

Midazolam Versed Precautions and side effects

A 
Hypotension
Respiratory arrest 
ALOC 
N/V 
Headache
20
Q

Midazolam Versed dosage

A 
1-2.5mg slow iv/io
0.07-0.08 mg/kg im (typical max of 5mg 
Pediatric 
0.05-0.20 mg/kg slow iv/io 
0.10-0.15 mg/kg im
21
Q

Morphine sulfate Duramorph class

A

Narcotic analgesic

22
Q

Morphine Sulfate pharmacology and actions

A

Morphine is a natural opium alkaloid that acts on the opiate receptors in the brain. Provides both analgesic and sedative effects. Vasodilation, reduction of venous return and decreased of myocardial oxygen demand.

23
Q

Morphine sulfate Duramorph Indications

A

Management of moderate to severe pain

To reduce venous in pulmonary edema /CHF/AMI

24
Q

Morphine sulfate contraindications

A

Undiagnosed head and abdominal injuries
Hypotension/hypovolemia
Respiratory depression
Acute bronchial asthma

25
Q

Morphine sulfate precautions and side effects

A 
Respiratory distress 
Bradycardia
Palpitation
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest
26
Q

Morphine sulfate dosage

A 
Pain management 
2.5-15mg IV/IO 
5-20mg IM/SC
Pulmonary edema /CHF/AMI 
1-2mg IV/IO every 6-10 minutes
Pediatric 
0.05-0.1mg/kg IV/IO
0.1-0.2mg/kg IM/SC
27
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan class

A

Narcotic antagonist

28
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan pharmacology and actions

A
  • Removes and displaces narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain.
  • Blocks the effects of both natural and synthetic narcotics
  • May reverse respiratory depression.
29
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan indications

A

Narcotic overdose

Coma of unknown origin

30
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan contraindications

A

None in the emergency setting

31
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan precautions and side effects

A 
Increased BP
increased respiration 
Tachycardia 
N/V
Tremors
Withdrawal symptoms
32
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan Dosage

A

0.4-2mg IV/IO/IM ( May repeat q2-3min PRN
2.0-2.5mg ETT (use caution with an incubated patient)
Use the minimum effective dose on patients who are dependent on pain management.
Pediatric dose
0.1mg/kg IV/IO/IM

33
Q

Nalaxone Hydrochloride Narcan how supplied

A

4mg in 10 ml

2mg in 2ml

34
Q

Zofran Ondansectron Class

A

Antiemetic

35
Q

Zofran Ondansectron Pharmacology and actions

A
  • Selective serotonin (5ht3) receptor antagonist.
  • effects on both peripheral and central nerves.
  • reduces the activity of the vagus nerve, which deactivates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata
  • blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptors trigger zone
  • little effect on vomiting caused by motion sickness.
36
Q

Zofran Ondansectron indications

A

Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting.

37
Q

Zofran Ondansectron contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

Prolonged QT syndrome

38
Q

Zofran Ondansectron Precautions and side effects

A

Dizziness

Constipation

39
Q

Zofran Ondansectron Dosage

A

Adult
4mg IVP/PO max dose of 8mg
Pediatric
4mg IVP/PO

Paramedic Drugs (9 decks)

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