Week 3 Drugs Flashcards
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Pharmacology and actions
BMI
- beta 2 adrenergic bronchodilator causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation with minimal beta 1 or alpha stimulation.
- Inhibits histamine releases reducing mucus secretion and mucosal edema.
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Class
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Indications (BCH)
Bronchospasm
Crush Syndrome
Hyperkalemia
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Contraindications
CHHT
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Hypersensitivity
- hypertension
- symptomatic tachycardia
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Precautions and Side Effects
Angina Anxiety CNS stimulation Dizziness diaphoresis Headache/ Hypertension palpitations Tachycardia Tremors
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin Dosage
2.5-5.0mg via nebulizer (repeat PRN)
Pediatric
<20kg 1.25mg in 3ml NS via nebulizer
>20kg 2.5mg in 3ml NS via nebulizer
Albuterol Proventil Ventolin How supplied
Unit dose vials: 2.5mg in 3ml NS (pillow packs)
1.25mg in 3ml NS
Diazepam Valium Class
Anti-anxiety, sedative/hypnotic, anti-convulsants
Diazepam Valium pharmacology and actions
BRRP
- Benzodiazepine sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant that
- reduces tremors, induces amnesia and reduces the recurrence of seizures.
- relaxes muscles spasms in orthopedic injuries
- produces amnesia for painful procedure.
Diazepam Valium Indications
AMPS
- Acute anxiety attack
- Muscle tremors due to injury
- Premedication before cardioversion
- Seizure, status epilepticus
Diazepam Valium Contraindications
(CDNS)
Coma
Depressed vital signs
Neonates
Shock
Diazepam Valium Precautions and side effects
(CEHT)
Cardiovascular collapse
Edema
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Diazepam Valium Dosage
Anxiety 2-5 mg IV/IM Seizure 5-10 mg IV/IO/IM Premedication 5-15 mg IV/IO Pediatric Dosage Premedication 0.2-0.5 mg/kg Seizure and anxiety 0.5-2mg IV/IO/IM
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Class
Parasympatholytic (anticholinergic) bronchodilator
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Pharmacology and Actions
(AAI)
- Atrovent causes bronchodialtion and decreased respiratory secretions
- Atrovent also abolishes vagally mediated reflex Bronchospasm.
- inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscles.
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Indications
(Ac)
Asthma (in combination with other bronchodilators)
COPD
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Contraindications
(HN)
Hypersensitivity to atrovent, atropine
Not primary treatment for Bronchospasm.
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Precautions and Side Effects
Dry mouth GI Distress N/V Nervousness Dizziness Headache Palpitations Blurred vision
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Dosage
Adult
500mg in 3 ml saline via nebulizer
Pediatric
250 mg in 3 ml saline via nebulizer
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
How supplied
Unit dose vials: 500 mcg in 3 ml saline (pillow packs)
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Class
Nitrate, Anti-anginal
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Pharmacology and Actions
(CRDDG)
- Cardiovascular effects:
- Reduce venous tone; causes blood pooling in peripheral veins, dare easing venous return to the heart (preload).
- Decreased peripheral resistance (after load)
- Dilation of coronary arteries and relief of coronary artery spasm.
- Generalized smooth muscle relaxation
- Onset of action: 1-2 min
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Indications
(ACP)
Angina
Chest Pain suggestive of an MI
Pulmonary edema
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Contraindications
Chest trauma Cerebral bleeding Hypotension Head trauma Hypersensitivity Increased ICP Use of erectile dysfunction drugs (Viagra, Cialis, Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenfil) within previous 24-72 hours.
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Precautions and Side Effects
Hypotension, do not give if blood pressure <90 mmhg systolic. If hypotension develops, treat with IV fluids and lower patients head.
Use caution in the presence of right sided MI or inferior MI.
Common side effects include throbbing headache, flushing, dizziness, tachycardia and burning under the tongue. These side effects may be used to check potency of the patients nitroglycerin.
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Dosage
Adult only * NOT INDICATED FOR PEDIATRICS
0.4mg tablets or spray SL, may repeat every 5min as needed for pain relief.
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitrol, Tridil
Special Notes
Check blood pressure after each dose administered
Nitroglycerin bottles containing tablets should be dated when they are opened. Nitroglycerin is light sensitive and outdates 6 months after opening the bottle.
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Class
Hormone, vasopressor
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Pharmacology and Actions
(VUV)
- Vasopressin is a hormone with strong vasopressive and antidiuretic properties.
- Use of vasopressin may precipitate angina and or AMI.
- Vasopressin increases peripheral vascular resistance making CPR more effective and reducing bleeding from esophageal varices.
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Indications
(CE)
Cardiac arrest
Esophageal varices
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Contraindications
(IP1C)
Ischemic heart disease outside of cardiac arrest.
PVC’s
1st stage of labor
Chronic nephritis with nitrogen retention
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Precautions and Side Effects
(HBPH)
Hypertension
Bradycardia
PAC’s
Heart block
Vasopressin
Pitressin
Dosage
Cardiac arrest
40 u IV/IO
Esophageal varices
0.2-0.4 u/min IV drip
