Week 5 Flashcards
Substance Related Disorders
Psychological disorders that are characterized by addiction to drugs or alcohol or by abuse of drugs or alcohol
Psychoactive Substance
A chemical substance that acts upon the central nervous system where it affects brain function, resulting in changes in a person’s emotions, perceptions, or thoughts.
Substance Dependence
Occurs when an individual’s repeated use of a substance results in tolerance withdrawal and compulsive drug-seeking behavior, also known as addiction
Substance Abuse
Occurs when a person’s repeated use of a substance results in serious adverse consequences.
For the diagnosis of an individual abusing a substance they must meet at least one of what four criteria?
- Repeated failure to fulfill important obligations as a result of the substance (e.g., frequently skipping class or missing work)
- Repeated use of the substance in a situation that is dangerous (e.g., repeated drinking and driving)
- Repeated legal problems related to the substance (e.g., being arrested for public intoxication)
- Continued use of the substance despite it causing problems in the individual’s social or interpersonal relationships (e.g., frequent fights with a partner while intoxicated or about the frequency of substance use)
Substance Intoxication
Occurs when a person suffers clinically significant negative or harmful behavioural changes or psychological effects because of the influence of a psychoactive substance
Substance Withdrawal
Occurs when a person suffers clinically significant negative or harmful behavioural changes or psychological effects because they recently stopped prolonged use of a psychoactive substance
Schizophrenia
A serious psychological disorder characterized by thought disturbances, hallucinations, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, and delusions
Thought Disorder
A pattern of disorganized, illogical, and irrational thought, that often accompanies schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that may include thought disorder hallucinations or delusions (An excess or distortion of a normal function)
Negative Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that may include the absence of normal behaviours: flattened emotion, poverty of speech, lack of initiative and persistence, an social withdrawal (a diminution or loss of normal function)
Psychosis
Conditions which affect the mind whereby there has been some loss of contact with reality
The five main subtypes of symptoms in Schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative Symptoms (e.g., Flattened affect, decrease in production of speech, etc.)
Schizophreniform Disorder
A psychological disorder where the individual experiences the symptoms of schizophrenia for a period of only one to six months
Schizoaffective Disorder
A psychological disorder where a person experiences a mood episode such as depression or mania at the same time that they are exhibiting symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations or delusions
Delusional Disorder
Delusions that are considered non-bizarre which are based on things that could possibly happen. Delusions about being followed or delusions of being significantly more powerful and important than one really is
Bizarre delusions
Delusions about things that are not possible, (i.e., the belief that you are Jesus Christ or that you are in control of another’s thoughts)
Delusions of Persecution
The false belief that other people are plotting against you
Delusions of Grandeur
The false belief that one is famous, powerful or important
Delusions of Control
The false belief that one’s thoughts and actions are being controlled by other people or forces
Paranoid Schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur or control
Disorganized Schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia characterized primarily by disturbances of thought and a flattened or silly affect
Catatonic Schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by various motor disturbances, including catatonic postures and waxy flexibility
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia characterized by fragments of the symptoms of different types of schizophrenia
Residual Schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia that may follow an episode of one of the other types and is marked by negative symptoms but not by any prominent positive symptom
Reactive Schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia characterized by rapid onset and brief durations
Process Schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia characterized by a gradual onset and poor prognosis
Brief Psychotic Disorder
An episode of psychotic symptoms that lasts between one day and one month
Shared Psychotic Disorder
The development of a delusion that is similar to a delusion already held by someone close to the individual. E.g., A man with schizophrenia has a delusion that police have implanted tracking devices into his brain, and his wife develops the same delusion, the wife would be diagnosed with Shared Psychotic Disorder.
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
A disorder where the psychotic symptoms are judged to be a direct physiological consequence of taking a psychoactive drug or medication or exposure to a toxin
Dopamine Hypothesis
The hypothesis that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by over activity of synapses in the brain that use dopamine
Diathesis
A medical term for a predisposition, vulnerability, or tendancy
Double Bind
The conflict caused for a child when he or she is given inconsistent messages or cues from a parent
Expressed Emotion
Expressions of criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement by family members towards a person with schizophrenia
Mood Disorder
A disorder characterized by significant shifts or disturbances in mood that affect normal perception, thought and behavior. Mood disorders can be characterized by deep, foreboding depression, or a combination of depression and euphoria
Bipolar Disorders
Mood disorders that have periods of mania or hypomania, and periods of depressions.
Bipolar I Disorder
A mood disorder in which alternation states of depression and mania are separated by periods of relatively normal affect. People with this disorder can have mixed episodes, defined as periods in which mood rapidly alternates between sadness and euphoria
Bipolar II Disorder
A mood disorder, marked by major depressive episodes that are accompanied by less severe mania (hypomanic episodes)
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent and severe feelings of sadness and worthlessness accompanied by changes in appetite, sleeping, and other behavior.
Dysthymic Disorder
Chronic Depressed mood that persists for at least two years and is accompanied by additional symptoms that do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder
Dysthymia
A less severe form of depression, symptoms are similar to those of major depressive disorder, but are significantly less severe in intensity and duration
Cyclothymic Disorder
Long-Term (at least two years) cycling of moods that alternate between depressed (but not severe enough to be a major depressive episode) and hypomanic (but not severe enough to be a manic episode) states.
Hypomania
Hypomania is a period of abnormally elevated mood that persists for at least four days.
Mania
An excessive emotional arousal and wild, exuberant, unrealistic, activity.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
A mood disorder characterized by depression, lethargy, sleep disturbances, and craving for carbohydrates. This disorder generally occurs during the winter, when the amount of daylight, relative to the other seasons is low.
