Week 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The science of behaviour

Question 2

Casual Events

Answer 2

events that cause other events (including behaviour)

Question 3

Social Psychology

Answer 3

The study of how individuals affect each other through perception, attitudes and opinions)

Question 4

Personality Psychology

Answer 4

Innate differences in individuals and patterns of behaviours

Question 5

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 5

explains cognitive, social and personality aspects of psychology through the adaptive significance of evolution of man

Question 6

Cross-cultural Psychology

Answer 6

How culture affects the behaviour of an individual

Question 7

Clinical Psychology

Answer 7

The study of psychological disorders

Question 8

Reflex

Answer 8

An automatic response to a stimulus

Question 9

Dualism

Answer 9

The idea that reality has two parts; the mind and the matter

Question 10

What did Rene Descartes believe?

Answer 10

He believed the mind and body were two different entities and the mind controlled the body. He argued it did so by controlling the flow of fluid to flow to a certain part of a body when certain actions needed to be performed

His theory was disproved by Luigi Galvani who showed electric pulses affect the nerves directly

Question 11

Model

Answer 11

Simple system based on known principles that is able to perform some things a complex system can do

Question 12

Materialism (James Mill)

Answer 12

Believes reality can not be understood without understanding the physical world which the mind is part of

He argues the mind and body is a machine which responds to the environment

Question 13

Doctrine of specific nerves (Johannes Muller)

Answer 13

o Optic and auditory nerves are responsible for sending messages to the brain
o Same electric pulses sent through all the nerves
o Sent over different channels to determine the actions
o Brain interprets pulses from the optic nerves as visual sensations
o Different parts of the brains that receive these pulses have different functions

Question 14

Experimental ablation (Pierre Flourens)

Answer 14

the removal of a certain part of the brain to determine what each part does

confirmed Muller’s theory

Question 15

Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig

Answer 15

Mapped out the mind by sending electric shocks to the brain and watching the reaction

Question 16

Psychophysics (Herman von Helmholtz)

Answer 16

The branch of psychology that deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.

Question 17

Determinism

Answer 17

behaviour are a result of prior events

Question 18

Law of Effect

Answer 18

stimuli is a consequence of a response that will determine if the the action will be repeated again

Question 19

Rationalism (Renes Descartes)

Answer 19

A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

Question 20

Empiricism (John Locke)

Answer 20

Pursuit of truth through observation and experience

• Believed all knowledge must come through experience
  o Believed the mind was a clean slate, and experience becomes written on it
• Knowledge was developed by linking simple ideas together
  o For example: Perception is linking our 5 sense together

Question 21

Structuralism (Wilhem Wundt)

Answer 21

To understand perceptions, one must break it down into smaller blocks so we can understand it as a whole

Question 22

Functionalism (William James)

Answer 22

focuses on the purpose or usefulness of each trait in regards to survival and reproductivity

• Focuses on mental principles rather than structures (mind remembers, it doesn’t contain memory)
• Mental processes are not studied independently, but linked to the biological activities of the organisms and are part of its evolutionary process (consciousness must have been an adaptive trait)
• The mind and the body are one, functionalism studies the relationship between the environment and the response of the organism

Question 23

Behaviourism

Answer 23

Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shapes our behaviors.

Question 24

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 24

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the special qualities and potential of human beings. It emphasizes the positive qualities in people, rather than the characteristics of maladaptive or unhealthy individuals.