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Psychology 101 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DSM and what does it do?

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (It describes and classifies, all different types of psychopathology and psychological disorders. It is a guideline of every type of mental disorder.)

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2
Q

Mental Disorder

A

A behavioral or psychological symptom or pattern that is associated with significant amounts of distress or disability (impaired functioning).

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3
Q

Abnormal Behavior

A

Unable to preform with healthy adaptive functioning, both at a professional and personal level

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4
Q

For a diagnoses to be classified as a disorder it must be:

A

Causing the individual to have a loss of ability to properly function day to day, be from a response to an internal factor, and be involuntary

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5
Q

Internal Factors

A

Factors that are driven from within – a sense of pride, satisfaction, or even the need to overcome a challenge. They may be compulsions, or feelings of hopelessness.

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6
Q

External factors

A

Factors that are tangible – material reward, good grades, or praise. They may come from someone other than the individual.

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7
Q

Mental Disorders are primarily caused by…

A

Most mental disorders have a genetic basis but that our environment, in utero and while growing up can significantly affect whether, to what degree, and how this genetic disposition is manifested

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8
Q

Three-Prong Test

A

Symptoms qualify as a mental disorder if they:
• Cause a clinically significant impairment in an individual’s ability to function.
• Are NOT a predictable reaction to an external event.
• Are NOT the result of an individual’s voluntary choice.

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9
Q

The Four Major Categories of Mental Disorders

A

Major Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Schizophrenia, and Autism Spectrum Disorders

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10
Q

Major Depression

A

A disorder characterized by a persistently low mood, which affects the person’s ability to function normally

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11
Q

Biological Symptoms of Depression

A

Disruption of sleep, insomnia or sleeping too much, disruption of appetite, weight gain or weight loss

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12
Q

Psychological Symptoms of Depression

A

Sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest in life

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13
Q

Social Symptoms of Depression

A

Lack of interest in the world, withdrawal from friends and social activities

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14
Q

Anxiety

A

A sense of apprehension or doom that is accompanied by many physiological reactions, such as rapid heart rate, sweating, and tightness in the stomach.

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15
Q

Anticipatory Anxiety

A

A fear of having a panic attack; may lead to the development of phobias

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16
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

An irrational fear of situations or stimuli, which are not actually dangerous.

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17
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

A group of disorders characterized by three categories

  1. Physical symptoms of anxiety or fear
  2. Unrealistic anxiety or cognitive distress
  3. Escape or avoidance behaviors
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18
Q

Biological Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Racing heart rate, increased blood pressure, muscle tension, nausea

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19
Q

Psychological Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Worrying that is out of proportion to the situation, generalized anxiety that interferes with normal functioning

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20
Q

Social Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Fear of being around people, other impairments in social situations

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21
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A severe psychological disorder characterized by thought disturbances, hallucinations, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, and delusions

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22
Q

Biological Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Diminished or immobile facial expression, monotone vocal tone, repetitive or agitated movements

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23
Q

Psychological Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Delusions, Hallucinations or paranoia, disorganized thoughts and speech

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24
Q

Social Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Impaired ability to identify emotional states of other people, inappropriate emotional reactions or absence of emotion

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25
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

A range of disorders consisting of Autism, Asperger’s disorder, and other pervasive development disorders. Combinations and severity of symptoms vary among individuals

26
Q

Biological Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Abnormal neurological development, sensitivity to sounds, smells, tastes, or sights

27
Q

Psychological Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Repetitive or obsessive behaviors, inflexible adherence to routines or rituals

28
Q

Social Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Impairment in using spoken and nonverbal communication, impaired ability to understand other’s feeling

29
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A psychological disorder characterized by fear of and avoidance of being alone in public places; this disorder is often accompanied by panic attacks

30
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Experience of reoccurring unexpected panic attacks

31
Q

Panic Attack

A

A sudden onset of intense fear and various physiological symptoms related to anxiety, such as a pounding heart, trembling, chest pain, a feeling of choking, nausea and shortness of breath

32
Q

Phobic Disorder

A

An unrealistic, excessive fear of a specific class of stimuli that interferes with normal activities. The object of the anxiety is readily identifiable as a specific phobia

33
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Experience of a significant anxiety in response to a specific situation or object that does not present any real danger (E.g., blood, heights, snakes, etc.)

34
Q

Social Phobia/Social Anxiety Disorder

A

A psychological disorder characterized by an excessive and irrational fear of situations in which others observe the person

35
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas and compelling urges to engage in repetitive ritual-like behavior.

36
Q

Obsession

A

An involuntary recurring thought, idea, or image

37
Q

Compulsion

A

An irresistible impulse to repeat some action over and over even though it serves no useful purpose

38
Q

Tourette’s Syndrome

A

A neurological Disorder characterized by tics and involuntary utterances, some of which may involve obscenities and the repetition of other’s utterances

39
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Re-experiencing a traumatic event and experiencing symptoms of anxiety in response to any stimuli that relate to the traumatic event. Symptoms include specific triggers, inability or feel close to others, feeling as if the world is dangerous, flashbacks, sleep disorders, and difficulty concentrating.

40
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

Excessive and uncontrollable worry, often about common concerns for an extended period of time (i.e., 6 months or more) Symptoms include sleep disorders, difficulty concentrating, triggered by every day events, and constant worrying.

41
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

A category of mental disorders that involve physical symptoms similar to a medical illness for which no medical cause can be found

42
Q

Somatization Disorder

A

Multiple physical symptoms that occur over several years that cannot be explained due to medical cause. Symptoms must include the following: Pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudo-neurological problems

43
Q

Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder

A

Physical symptoms that last for at least 6 months and cannot be explained due to a medical cause but do not meet the threshold for somatization disorder

44
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

The actual loss of bodily function, such as blindness, paralysis and numbness, due to excessive anxiety

45
Q

Pain Disorder

A

Significant pain that is associated with psychological factors

46
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Preoccupation with having a serious medical condition despite significant evidence of the contrary

47
Q

Body Dysmorphic

A

Preoccupation with a part of the body that is perceived as defective

48
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

A class of disorders in which anxiety is reduced by a sudden disruption in consciousness, which in turn, produces changes in ones sense of identity

49
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

The inability to remember important events or personal information.

50
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

Amnesia with no apparent organic cause, accompanied by adoption of a new identity and relocation.

51
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities within an individual. The person’s behavior is guided by different personalities at different times

52
Q

Depersonalization Disorder

A

The sensation that one is detached or outside of their body

53
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

An enduring pattern of instability in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships; includes frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

54
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A lack of empathy or care for others, lack of guilt or misdeeds, antisocial behavior and persistent lying, cheating and stealing

55
Q

Panic attack

A

A sudden onset of intense fear and various physiological symptoms related to anxiety, such as a pounding heart, trembling, chest pain, a feeling of choking, nausea and shortness of breath

56
Q

Etiology

A

The causes or origins of a disorder

57
Q

Diathesis-Stress model

A

A causal account of psychological disorders based on the idea that psychological disorders develop when a person possesses a predisposition for a disorder and faces stressors that exceed his or her abilities to cope with them

58
Q

Bio-psychosocial Perspective

A

A view that the causes of psychological disorders can best be understood in terms of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors

59
Q

Comorbid

A

The appearance of two or more disorders in a single person

60
Q

Clinical Judgments

A

Diagnoses of psychological disorders or predictions of future behavior based largely on expert’s experience and knowledge.

61
Q

Actuarial Judgments

A

Diagnoses of psychological disorders or prediction of future behavior based on numerical formulas derived from analyses of prior outcomes

62
Q

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

A psychological disorder found in childhood characterized by impulsivity, a lack of attention, and hyperactivity

Psychology 101 (12 decks)

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