Week 5 Flashcards
Auditory perceptual learning
occurs when aspects of our perception changes as a function of experience
implicit learning
When we exhibit changes in behavior without having intended to learn something
implicit memory
A type of long-term memory that does not require conscious thought to encode. It’s the type of memory one makes without intent
classical conditioning
Describes stimulus-stimulus learning. Occurs whenever neutral stimuli are associated with psychologically significant events. Animal behaves as if it has learned to associate a stimulus with a significant event
non-associative learning
single repeated exposure leads to a change in behaviour
Chunking
The process of grouping information together using our knowledge
Encoding
The pact of putting information into memory
Perceptual learning
Occurs when aspects of our perception changes as a function of experiences
Explicit memory
Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered
working memory
The form of memory we use to hold onto information temporarily, usually for the purposes of manipulation
incidential learning
occurs when we acquire information without intent that we cannot easily express
Intentional learning
Any type of learning that happens when motivated by intention
Learning methods
spacing learning, interleaving multiple sets, testing yourself
Transfer appropriate processing
A principle that states that memory performance is superior when a test taps the same cognitive process as the original encoding activity
Unconditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits the response for conditioning occurs
Unconditioned response
In classical conditioning, an innate response that is elicited by a stimulus before (or in the absence of) conditioning
Operant
a behaviour that is controlled by its consequences. The simplest example is the rat’s lever-pressing, which is controlled by the presentation of the reinforcer
Thorndikes law of effect
when a behavior has a positive (satisfying) effect or consequence, it is likely to be repeated in the future. When a behavior has a negative (painful/annoying) consequence, it is less likely to be repeated in the future.
punishers
effects that decrease behaviours
is classical conditioning involuntary or voluntary
involuntary
is operant conditioning involuntary or voluntary
voluntary
Operant conditioning
the animal behaves as if it has learned to associate a behaviour with a significant event
Fear conditioning
A type of classical or Pavlovian conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) is associated with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a foot shock. As a consequence of learning, the CS comes to evoke fear. The phenomenon is thought to be involved in the development of anxiety disorders in humans
Conditioned compensatory responses
in classical conditioning, a conditioned response that opposes, rather than is the same as, the unconditioned response. It functions to reduce the strength of the unconditioned response. Often seen in conditioning when drugs are used as unconditioned stimuli