WEEK 5 Flashcards
Contains all the neural structures that are outside the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System PNS
study has moved away from looking at specific/isolated areas and now to
Networks
PNS
Contains all the neural structures that are outside the brain and spinal cord
PNS has two functions
Input functions- What is going on inside and outside the body
Output - enable response (via muscles and glands/ fight flight)
Somatic Nervouse system
Allows us to sense and respond to our environment
Specialised neurons to transmit messages to the eyes/ears
Sensory Neurons - Somatic Nervous system (peripheral)
Neurons send messages from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles for voluntary movement
Motor Neurons - Somatic Nervous system (peripheral)
Senses the body’s function and controls glands and smooth (involuntary) muscles that form the heart, blood vessels and the lining of the stomach and intestines
Autonomic Nervous System (Perpheral)
- Contains sympathetic and Parasympathetic System within it
Peripheral Nervous system includes
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous Stystem
Autonomic Nervous system is divided into 2 systems
sympathetic nervous system and
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System (part of Autonomic Nervous system)
Activation and arousal (Fight / Flight) Increase heart rate Increase respiration, ready to address stressors
Parasympathetic Nervous System (part of Autonomic Nervous system)
Slows down the body, maintenance of homeostasis, internal equilibrium, rest and digest
CNS
Central Nervous System
CNS involves the
Brain and Spinal cord
The CNS connects the —– with the peripheral nervous system
brain
A densley packed bundle of nerve fibres that transmits messages from sensory and motor neurons
Spinal Cord
If a hand is on a hot stove the incoming information coming from the skin receptors to say its hot is process by —– neurons and the outgoing information is processed by the —– neurons, to take the had off the stove
sensory neurons, Motor neurons
Trepanation
Drilling holes in the skull to relieve pressure
Which culture started to notice intelligence and sensation
Greek - Hippocrates
Early study of the brain and that different areas served different functions
Phrenology (1757-1828) Franz Josef Gall
The brain works in
networks
Lowes and most primitive level of the brain
Hindbrain
Part of the brain that supports vital life functions
Brain stem
Hindbrain component that manages HR, resp. vasomotor (blood pressure) and vomitting
Medulla
Hindbrain component that regulates sleep and carries nerve impulses between higher and lower levels of the Nervous system
Pons
Part of the Hindbrain that manages muscular movement and coordination, memory and learning (precise movements, affected by alcohol)
Cerrebellum
Part of the brain that contains clusters of sensory and motor nuerons
Midbrain
Alerts Higher centres of the brain that messages are coming
Reticular formation (mid brain)
Messages are either blocked or allowed by the (such as ignoring noise during sleep and waiting to go to the toilet)
Reticular formation (midbrain)
Part of the brain that allows the transmission between hindbrain and forebrain
Midbrain
Part of the brain that allows for some monitoring and some transmission, but more importantly, lack of transmission when relevant (ie sleeping)
Midbrain
The most evolutionary advanced part of the brain
Forebrain
Forebrain contains
Cerebrum
Thalmus
Hypothalmus
Hindbrain contains
Brain stem - Medulla and pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Reticular Formation
The major structure of te forebrain that wrap around the brain stem
Cerebrum (two hemishperes)
A switchboard that organises inputs from sesory organs and routes them to the appropriate areas
Thalmus
Motivation and emotion, sexual behaviour, temperature regulation, eating drinking and aggression are managed by this part of the brain
Hypothalmus (connected to pituitary gland)
What part of the brain is connected to the pituitary gland
Hypothalmus
The Hypothalmus is connected to which gland
Pituitary
The forebrain Contains the
Cerebrum
Thalmus
Hypothalmus
Limbic system (Hippocampus & Amygdala)
Cerebral cortex
Motor cortex
sensory cortex
System that coordinates behaviours needed to satisfy motivational and emotional urges (also concerns reward and punishment)
Limbic System (forebrain
Limbic System is made up of
Hippocampus & Amygdala (forebrain)
Hippocampus & Amygdala are part of the
Limbic System (forbrain)
Forms and retrieves memories, memory recording device
Hippocampus (forebrain)
Organises motivational and emotional response patterns, fear, disgust, avoidance behaviours
Amygdala (forebrain)
Unmyelinated cells that form the outermost layer of the brain
Cerebral Cortex (forebrain)
Cerebral Cortex
Unmyelinated cells that form the outermost layer of the brain (forebrain)
—-% of the cerebral cortex exists in the folds of the wrinkled surface.
76
How thick is the cerebral cortex
1/4 inch (63mm)
Four lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, occipital (forebrain)
Contains 600+ muscles for voluntary body movement
Motor Cortex (forbrain)
Receives input from sensory receptors, heat touch etc
Sensory Cortex (forbrain)
The two sense that the most of the brain is allocated to
Touch and Sight
Primary motor cortex and Prefrontal cortex and Brocas area are all in the (lobe)
Frontal Lobe (executive function, voluntary movement, higher order attentional decision making)
Somatic sensory cortex is in the (lobe)
Parietal Lobe (bodily sensation, memory)
Primary Auditory cortex and wrneckes area (lobe)
Temporal Lobe (auditory/memory)
Primary visual cortex (lobe)
Occipital lobe (visual processing)
Lobe that is responsible for executive function, voluntary movement, higher order attentional decision making
Frontal Lobe
Lobe that manages bodily sensation, memory
Parietal Lobe
Lobe that manages auditory and memory
Temporal Lobe
Lobe that does all our visual processing
Occipital Lobe
Not lobes of the brain but very important components, that support the base of the brain
Spinal Cord and brain stem
Brocas Area
Production of speech through its connections with the motor cortex regions, comtrol muscle movemnt for speech, expressive aphasia - now disproved that one area does one thing (speech network, not a specific place)
Wernickes area
Speech comprehension, Receptive aphasia
a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language.
Aphasia
Located across the brain, anterior, limbic and posterior, often called the silent areas because stimulation does not cause spcific sensory or motor response
The Association Cortex
Involved in important mental functions including perception, language and problem solving
The Association Cortex
The inability to identify familiar objects
Agnosia
Selective inability to recognise familiar human faces
Prosopagnosia
Executive function is a large part of the
prefrontal cortex
Lateralisation
Left and Right brain theory
Brain hemisphere for Verbal abilities speech maths logical abilities , positive emotions arouse it
Left Brain
Brain Hemisphere for: Spatial relations, faces, mental imagery, musical and artistic ability more active when feeling negative
Right Brain
A neural bridge of myelinated neurons between the two hemispheres allows them to function as a single unit (strip of neurons)
Corpus Callosum
The production of new neurons in the nervous system
neuro geneis
Immature uncommitted cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell
