Emotion WEEK 9 Flashcards
Cognitive Appraisal means
interpretation of meaning
closely related to emotion: can be defined as the pattern of observable behaviours that expresses
an individual’s emotions. variable, fluctuating in response to changing emotional states
Affect
(Affect is variable, fluctuating in response to changing emotional states)
a depressed person with blunted —— is not describing an emotion but describes they show very little intensity in their emotional expression.
affect
Some people use the terms affect and ——- to explain emotion.
mood
defined as the pattern of observable behaviours that expresses an individual’s emotions.
Affect
Affect is also different to —–, which is generally a longer lasting and more general emotional
state
mood
Affect and mood differ by:
Affect involves visible actions and behaviours,
whereas
mood may be internalised and unobservable .
an evaluative response (a positive or negative feeling)
that typically includes some combination of physiological arousal, subjective experience and behavioural or expression.
Emotion
William James (1884) argued that emotion is rooted in bodily experience.
According to James, an emotion-inducing stimulus elicits visceral, or gut, reactions and voluntary behaviours such
as running or gesturing. The physical experience in turn leads the person to feel ———, and the arousal
stimulates the subjective experience of, for example, ——.
aroused
fear
James–Lange theory states that emotions originate in ——- nervous system responses that the
——– nervous system then interprets
peripheral nervous system > central nervous system (linear)
Cannon–Bard theory, states
that emotion-inducing stimuli ——– elicit both an emotional experience, such as fear, and bodily
responses, such as sweaty palms
simultaneously
a measure of sweat on the palms related to arousal or anxiety, also known as
galvanic skin response ( or GSR)
people that have the inability to recognise their own feelings, they report what seem to be meaningful,
painful or traumatic experiences with bland indifference are likely to be encountering
alexithymia
Talking about trauma and emotions can be beneficial - The more complex and coherent people’s narratives after disclosing traumatic events, the more their
health improves
a combination of being satisfied with your life, having lots of positive feelings and less negative feelings is
happiness
Seligman (2011) suggests happiness is derived from five distinct and measurable areas of everyday life: - what is the the PERMA model of happiness
or wellbeing
Pleasure, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment
One predictor of happiness is the extent to which a culture is more
individualistic or collectivistic.
People in ——— cultures, which focus on the needs and desires of individuals, tend to be happier
than people in ———
individualistic
collectivist cultures, which emphasise the needs of the group.
the overt behavioural signs of emotion. People
express feelings in various ways, including facial expressions, posture, gestures and tone of voice if known as
emotional expression
COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE:
inferences about causes you make about bodily sensations
attributions
COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE:
Schachter–Singer theory,
emotion involves two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
Stressful
emotional experiences can alter
the structure of the brain
anxiety can reduce ——- memory capacity and explicit —– ———– by distracting the person from the task at hand
working
explicit problem solving
traumatised monkeys showed a reduction in neural cells in the ————, a neural structure that plays a crucial role in memory
hippocampus
Anger, fear and sadness elevate heart
rate, but of these three emotions, only anger also increases
temperature
People learn to control the
way they express many emotions, using patterns of emotional expression considered appropriate within
their culture or subculture, called
display rules
the basic emotions is that between positive
and negative ——
affect
Positive and negative affect appear to motivate different kinds of behaviour and to involve different
regions of the ——- ————-.
cerebral cortex
Positive affect drives pleasure-seeking, approach-oriented behaviour,
whereas negative affect leads to ——————
avoidance
there is a link between emotion and ——-
cognition
a central idea of CBT is that our emotions are a result of the
thoughts that give meaning to a situation
women tend to feel emotions more ——– than most men
intensely
Arousal is an outcome of which nervous system
autonomic
which nervous system calms us down and regulates
Para sympathetic
a balanced amount of anxiety and fear that produces the best results is known as
optimal arousal
theory that posits emotion involves two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
Schachter–Singer theory
nature has endowed us with emotional responses ‘designed’ to lead us to approach and avoid
people, objects and situations in ways that foster —– and ——–
survival and reproduction.
