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Psychology 1A > Research Methods WEEK 2 > Flashcards

Research Methods WEEK 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The degree to which two variables are related

A

Correlation

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2
Q

quantifies the association between the two variables ranging from -1.0 to +1.0.

A

Correlation CoEfficient

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3
Q

A correlation of 0 means

A

the two variables are unrelated

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4
Q

A high correlation of close to -1.0 or +1.0 means

A

a participant’s score on one variable is a good predictor of the other

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5
Q

Correlation does not imply —–

A

imply causation

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6
Q

A systematic way of organising and explaining observations

A

Theory

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7
Q

Keeping procedures and methods the same

A

Standardised procedures

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8
Q

A valid design has ——- validity

A

internal validity

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9
Q

applicability to situations outside the laboratory is called —— ——–

A

External validity

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10
Q

To be generaliasable a study must have both

A

Internal Validity (A valid design)
and
External Validity (applicable outside the lab)

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11
Q

A measure that produces consistent results is called a —— ——-

A

Reliable Measure

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12
Q

A measure that accurately measures and assesses the construct it is intended to measure

A

Valid Measure

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13
Q

experiments or surveys that provide data that can be quantified, tabulated summarised and analysed are referred to as what type of research:

A

Quantative Research

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14
Q

Type of research that Explores a topic through methods such as interviews observation and case studies

A

Qualitative Research

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15
Q

Type of research that describes phenomena that already exists rather than manipulating variables. Unlike experiments , cannot unambiguously establish causation

A

Descriptive Research

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16
Q

In depth observation of a group or person

A

Case study

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17
Q

In-depth observation of a phenomena in its natural setting, outside the labaratory

A

Naturalistic Observation

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18
Q

Asking a large sample of people questions through interviews and questionaires

A

Survey Research

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19
Q

Manipulation of some aspect of the an experimental situation

A

Independant Variable

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20
Q

This component of a study helps to examine the impact on the way participants respond, in order to to assess cause and effect

A

Dependant variables

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21
Q

Experiment steps (6) FODSAD

A
  1. Framing hypothesis
  2. Operationalising variables
  3. Developing a standardised procedure
  4. Selecting and assigning participants
  5. Apply statistical techniques
  6. Drawing conclusions
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22
Q

Series of principals of ethics and professional practice

A

Code Of Ethics

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23
Q

An experiment or study is …… if it can produce the same results when repeated

A

Replicable

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24
Q

Making logical and rational assessments of inormation

A

Critical Thinking

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25
Q

A tentative belief about the relationship between two variables. Predicts the findings if a theory is correct

A

hypothesis

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26
Q

Research is given high reliability if it can be

A

replicated or repeated

27
Q

A variable that can be placed on a continuum - such as the degree of optimisim, intelligence or shyness is called a

A

Continuous variable

28
Q

Grouping or catagories of variables, can not be placed on a continuum, ie where someone was born or currently lives

A

Categorical variable

29
Q

A subset of people, men, kids under 5, virgos

A

A population

30
Q

Subgroup that is likely to be representative of the population

A

Sample

31
Q

Individuals who are used in the study

A

participant / subject

32
Q

A representative sample contributes to the —— of a studys conclusions

A

generalisability

33
Q

When the sample is not representative of the population as a whole this creates a

A

sample bias

34
Q

tendancy of a test to yeild relatively similar scores for the same individual over time

A

Retest Reliability

35
Q

a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same subscale on a larger test). It measures whether several items that propose to measure the same general construct produce similar scores.

A

Internal consistency

36
Q

Measures the degree to which the item measures a single construct. Asking the same question different ways

A

Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha)

37
Q

If two people observing are making similar or different observations (reliability)

A

Inter-rater reliability

38
Q

Hypotheses are tested using experimentation and observation in order to further understand a topic, rigorous testing of a theory, using methods other researchers can replicate

A

scientific approach

39
Q

Three main goals of the scientific approach - DPU

A

Description, Prediction and Understanding

40
Q

Cause and Effect

A

Causation

41
Q

Casuation can be demonstated by proving the

A

manipulation of of one variable leads to a predicted change in the another

42
Q

Indipendant variables are outside of the particpants …..

A

control ( independent of their actions)

43
Q

Because the participants reactions depend on their exposure to the independant variable these responses are known as

A

dependant variables

44
Q

The experimenter manipulates the ——-variable

A

independent

45
Q

The variable the experimenter measures to see whether the experimental manipulation had an effect is called the ——varible

A

dependant

46
Q

In order for a measure to be Valid it also MUST be

A

reliable

47
Q

The way a participants perceptions of the researchers goals influence their responses are known as

A

demand characteristics

48
Q

Variables that can produce confusing effects

A

Confounding variables

49
Q

describing findings in a a way that summarises their essential features

A

Descriptive Statics

50
Q

Drawing inferences from the sample to the population as whole.

A

Inferential statistics

51
Q

the goal of inferential statistics is to see if

A

the manipulation of the independent variable had a meaningful impact on the participants

52
Q

evaluating is a hypothesis is supported or not

A

Drawing conclusions

53
Q

How consistent the outcome of the measuring tool is

A

Reliability

54
Q

How well a tool measures what it is supposed to measure

A

Validity

55
Q

Gold standard research as it can determine cause and effect

A

Experimental research

56
Q

The variable that is being changed or manipulated

A

Independent Variable

57
Q

The variable that is being measured or observed

A

Dependant variable

58
Q

May influence the dependant variable without intention

A

Extraneous variable

59
Q

Research that Describes phenomena as they already exist rather than manipulating variables (Experimental)

A

Descriptive Research

60
Q

An indepth observation of a person or group

A

case study

61
Q

A representative sample

A

Stratified sample

62
Q

CAT

A

Computerised Axial Tomography

63
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

64
Q

fMRU

A

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging visually indicates the parts of the brain that are lighting up

Psychology 1A (14 decks)

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